補語和同位語的區別

　　小夥伴們知道什麼是同位語嗎?什麼是補語呢?下面就跟著小編一起來看看吧。

　　主語補語和主語同位語的區別

　　1.同位語用法

　　同位語是用來對名詞***或代詞***做進一步解釋的.它可以是單詞、短語或從句.同位語從句是名詞從句的一種,置於某些名詞之後.這些名詞包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question等.這類從句通常由that引導,有時也可用what,why,whether,when等引導.

　　在閱讀和翻譯的時候,要特別注意的是同位語和它的本位語分割的情況.這種情況通常是為了保持句子的平衡而出現的.在翻譯的時候,這種分割成分的譯法比較靈活,可將其提前,也可不提前,還可以增加“即”,或是用冒號、破折號等分開.

　　1.At the same time,the American Law Institute——a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight——issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.

　　分析：the American Law Institute後面跟了一個同位語a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight,用破折號隔開了.現在分詞stating 修飾new guidelines for tort law.tort law：民事侵權行為法.

　　譯文：同時,美國法學會——由所提建議很有分量的法官、律師和學者組成的團體——發表了侵權行為法的新指導原則,說明公司沒有必要提醒顧客提防明顯的危險,也沒有必要向他們開列出大量的可能的危險.

　　2.When the closed circuit is broken at any point——that is,when the path of conducting material is interrupted——there will be no current.

　　分析：該句的同位結構由兩個時間狀語從句構成.同位語由that is 引導.該引導詞引導的同位語與本位語有一致關係.類似的引導詞還有namely,in other words,for short等.

　　譯文：當閉合電路在任一點上斷開,也就是說,當導電材料的通路中斷時,就不會有電流.

　　3.The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.

　　分析：這是一個名詞短語a condition…做整個句子同位語的例子.以that引導的從句是a condition的定語從句.這種同位語的詞類或句子成分與其本位語不同的現象,有時也被稱作是“弱同位”.此外,為了使譯文更加符合漢語習慣,可以用轉譯法.

　　2.補語用法

　　不定式、分詞、形容詞、名詞及with sb./sth.+補語結構

　　一.方法

　　1.We mean that part of the sentence which stands in the same relation to the object as the predicate stands to the subject.

　　2.A.At the meeting we elected him monitor.

　　把him與monitor擴充套件成一個句子則成為：He is a monitor.

　　B.What you said made Xiao Wang angry.

　　把Xiao Wang與angry擴充套件成一個句子則成為：Xiao Wang is angry.

　　3.名詞、動名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞都可以在句子中作賓補.

　　4.Nouns used as objective complements.

　　Please do the following translations:

　　A.他們讓他當會議主席.

　　B.我認為你弟弟是個聰明的孩子.

　　C.年輕的父親給他的寶寶起名叫“強強”.

　　D.我認為這是撒謊.

　　E.你們選玲玲當經理了嗎?

　　5.How many verbs can be followed the nouns used as by objective complements?And what are they?

　　6.形容詞是否可以作賓補?請翻譯下列句子：

　　A.我發現教室空無一人.

　　B.他們把絲綢染成紅色.

　　C.別把布料裁得太短.

　　D.一切都準備好了嗎?

　　E.這訊息幾乎令他發瘋.

　　7.Generally speaking,the following can be followed by adjectives used as the objective

　　8.副詞

　　A.Please call the students back at once.

　　B.He was seen to take his cap off.

　　C.It was John who took the baby upstairs.

　　D.I joined the two pieces of wood together.

　　E.Please keep yourselves off the grass.

　　F.We wished the talk at an end.

　　9.副詞作賓語補足語比較難於掌握,對高中學生來說,多用於理解,而不強求會用.

　　10.不定式

　　在高中階段我們只學過如下九個及物動詞後邊的不定式作賓補省略to：

　　let,make,have,feel,see,watch,hear,observe,notice,從日常應用的角度看,記住上邊的九個動詞基本就夠用了.

　　11.Without“to”:

　　A.I can't have you say so.

　　B.You should try your best to make him understand that.

　　C.I noticed the thief steal into the room.

　　D.We observed the students do the physics experiment.

　　E.I felt my hands tremble.

　　能夠跟不定式作賓補的詞很多,我們應當在使用中注意積累.

　　12.現在分詞作賓補

　　have,see,watch,feel,hear,notice,observe,keep,find,注意make後邊不能跟現在分詞作補語.

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