考研英語法律類閱讀理解及答案

　　法律類的閱讀理解在考研英語的考試上，不知道大家有沒有遇到過?下面是小編給大家整理的，供大家參閱!

　　：A BURNING IN ALABAMA

　　The savage murder of a gay man stuns a state where hate-crime laws do not protect homosexuals

　　“This is not the type of place where this happens," city council presiden

　　t George Carlton told a reporter, after the horror became public in his hometown, Sylacauga, Ala. He echoed what was said in Jasper, Texas, a year ago. Few people then had ever heard of Jasper. A week ago, even fewer could have pointed out Sylacauga on a map. A tiny city of 13,000, halfway between Birmingham and Montgomery, Sylacauga was known for its white marble quarries, textile mills and ice-cream factory. But last week Sylacauga, like Jasper, became a chapter in the recent history of hatred.

　　According to police, Steven Eric Mullins, 25, and Charles Monroe Butler Jr., 21, plotted for two weeks to murder Billy Jack Gaither, 39. On Feb. 19, they arranged to meet him at a Sylacauga bar and lured him to a secluded area. There they beat him and dumped him into the trunk of his car. They then drove about 15 miles to Peckerwood Creek in Coosa County. There, says Coosa County Sheriff's Deputy Al Bradley, "they took him out of the trunk, took an ax handle and beat him to death." They set two old tires aflame, says Bradley, "then they put the body on the fire." They did it all, the deputy says, because Gaither was gay.

　　Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well. "It's unfortunate that somebody had to lose his life in order for this legislation to pick up momentum here in the state of Alabama," says state Representative Alvin Holmes, who failed to get the original law amended when it was passed in 1996. Holmes filed for extending the law after Matthew Shepard, a gay student, was beaten and left to die on a fence in Wyoming last October, an incident that sparked national outrage. Even Wyoming failed to pass hate-crime legislation in the wake of the Shepard lynching. Like Shepard, Gaither did not hesitate to admit being gay, though he adhered quietly to Sylacauga's Southern dispositions. And friends dispute Mullins' and Butler's allegations that a sexual proposition incited the murder. Gaither's brother Randy told CNN: "Regardless of his personal life or anything, he doesn't deserve to be killed for this."

　　"The message people are getting is that gay people are second-class citizens," says Tracey Conaty, spokesperson for the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force.

　　Before Gaither's murder, activists were planning a major national pro-gay offensive. From March 21 to March 27, the task force will launch its "Equality Begins at Home" campaign, with 250 grass-roots events in all 50 states aimed at passing anti-gay-bashing legislation. Says Conaty: "These laws reflect the conscience of a community and send an important message." The March events, says Urvashi Vaid, director of the task force's policy institute, will involve straight people concerned about neighbors denied basic human rights. Adds Vaid: "It's more than just a gay thing."

　　注1：本文選自By Sylvester Monroe Time; 03/15/99, Vol. 153 Issue 10, p47, 2/3p, 3c, 1bw

　　注2：本文習題命題模仿物件2003年真題 Text 4

　　1.What is implied in the first two paragraphs?

　　[A] there are many murders in the recent history of hatred

　　[B]the murder also happened in Jasper one year ago

　　[C] it is another case of the gay being tortured to death

　　[D]the city council president comes from Sylacauga

　　2.The author uses the example of Matthew Shepard to show that ________.

　　[A] it is difficult to extend the hate-crime legislation

　　[B]people want to extend the hate-crime law

　　[C]the gays are really in a terrible fix

　　[D] people are indifferent to the gay student

　　3.Alvin Holmes’ attitude toward the gay victims is _________.

　　[A]indifferent

　　[B]sympathetic

　　[C]outrageous

　　[D]considerate

　　4.Similar to Matthew Shepard, Gaither’s death ________.

　　[A]aroused people’s sympathy for the gay

　　[B] sharpened people’s awareness

　　[C]gave legislation some momentum

　　[D]failed to have any change in the legislation

　　5.The text intends to express the idea that __________.

　　[A] people should be concerned about their gay neighbors

　　[B]the gay people shouldn’t be regarded as second-class citizens

　　[C] the legislation for the gay still has a long way to go

　　[D]more pro-gay campaigns should be launched

　　答案：CABDC

　　篇章剖析

　　本文采用提出問題-----分析問題的模式。第一段和第二段提出問題，詳細闡述一起同性戀謀殺案的發生經過。第三段和第四段指出被害人的死造成的影響和反應。第五段指出激進分子的做法及其影響。

　　詞彙註釋

　　homosexual[hEJmEJ5sekFJEl] n.同性戀

　　echo[`ekEJ]vt.摹仿, 重複

　　rallying [5rAlIN]point n.聚集點,號召力

　　legislator[5ledVIsleItEr]n.立法者

　　momentum[mEJ5mentEm]n.動力, 要素

　　in the wake of adv.尾隨, 緊跟, 仿效

　　lynching[`lIntFIN]n.處私刑

　　allegation[AlI5^eIFEn]n.主張，斷言, 辯解

　　offensive[E5fensIv]n.進攻, 攻勢

　　grass-roots[`^, 由鄉間民間來進行的

　　難句突破

　　1.Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.

　　主體句式：Gaither’s death has become a rallying point …

　　結構分析：在for引導的介詞短語中，that引導定語從句來修飾bill; related to sexual orientation as well來修飾crimes.

　　句子譯文：蓋瑟的死成了爭取同性戀權利組織和州立法委員強烈要求通過一項議案的號召力。這項議案可能會將阿拉巴馬實施三年的反仇視罪法的範圍擴充套件到種族、膚色、宗教信仰和國家來源以外，把針對與性傾向有關的罪行也包括在反對之列。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為C，屬推理判斷題。選項A，B，D都屬於細節問題，在文中都可找到對應的資訊。選項C歸納了前兩段的內容。

　　1.案為A，屬推理判斷題。文中對應資訊是“Even Wyoming failed to pass hate-crime legislation in the wake of the Shepard lynching”。

　　2.案為B ，屬情感態度題。文中對應資訊是“"It's unfortunate that somebody had to lose his life in order for this legislation to pick up momentum here in the state of Alabama”。

　　3.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。原文對應資訊“Gaither's death has become a rallying point for gay-rights organizations' and state legislators' pushing a bill that would extend Alabama's three-year-old hate-crimes law beyond race, color, religion and national origin to cover crimes related to sexual orientation as well.”Gaither的被害雖然對立法有一定的影響，卻還沒有一定的改觀。

　　5.答案為C，屬主旨大意題。要綜觀全文，不要受到一些細節方面的干擾。

　　參考譯文

　　阿拉巴馬焚屍案

　　男同性戀殘忍被害案震驚了整個州—這個州的反仇視罪法不保護同性戀

　　這樁慘案在市參議會議長喬治·卡爾頓的家鄉阿拉巴馬州錫拉科加被公諸於眾後，他這樣對記者說：“這個地方不應該發生這樣的事”。他是在重複一年前在德克薩斯州傑士伯說過的話。幾乎沒有人聽說過傑士伯這個地方。一週以前，甚至沒有人能在地圖上找出錫拉科加的位置。錫拉科加是一座擁有13,000人口的小鎮，位於伯明翰和蒙哥馬利之間，以大理石採石場、紡織廠和冰淇淋廠而著名。同傑士伯一樣，錫拉科加上週也上了最近發生仇視事件的“光榮”榜。

　　據警方說，為謀殺39歲的比利•傑克•蓋瑟，25歲的史蒂文•埃裡克•馬林斯和21歲的小查爾斯•門羅•巴特勒密謀了兩週時間。2月19日那天，他們先安排與他在錫拉科加的一個酒吧見面，然後把他騙到一個隱蔽的地點。在那兒，他們先是猛揍他，隨後把他扔進汽車後備箱，駕車行使了15英里到了庫薩縣的拍克武德小河邊。庫薩縣副警長阿爾•不拉德利說：“他們把他從後備箱裡拖出來，拿出斧柄將他打死”。隨後他們點燃了兩個舊輪胎。不拉德利說：“點燃輪胎後，他們就把屍體放到了火上燒”。副警長說，這兩個人這樣做只是因為蓋瑟是同性戀。

　　蓋瑟的死成了爭取同性戀權利組織和州立法委員強烈要求通過一項議案的號召力。這項議案可能會將阿拉巴馬實施三年的反仇視罪法的範圍擴充套件到種族、膚色、宗教信仰和國家來源以外，把針對與性傾向有關的罪行也包括在反對之列。州議員阿爾文•福爾摩斯他沒能在1996年該法律被通過時促使議會對原法律進行修正說：“非得用某人的死來在這兒，在阿拉巴馬州獲取使某項法律得以通過的動力實在是件令人遺憾的事”。去年十月，懷俄明州發生了一件令國人十分憤慨的事。一個名叫馬修•謝巴德的同性戀學生遭人毒打，眼睜睜地看著他死在圍牆上。這件事發生之後，福爾摩斯曾提議擴充套件這一法律的範圍。甚至在謝巴德被人用私刑處死之後，懷俄明州也沒能通過反仇視罪法。儘管蓋瑟不聲不響地保持著南方人的性格，但是他跟謝巴德一樣，毫不隱瞞自己是同性戀這一事實。馬林斯和巴特勒對性傾向引發這起謀殺的說法遭到朋友的反駁。蓋瑟弟弟告訴CNN記者：“不管他的個人生活或其它方面怎麼樣，他都不應該為此而被處死。”

　　“人們獲得的啟示是同性戀是二等公民。” 美國國家男女同志特遣隊的發言人特蕾西•科納緹如是說。

　　在蓋瑟被謀殺之前，一些激進分子就在策劃發動一個大型的全國範圍的支援同性戀的攻勢。從3月21日到27日，特遣隊將發動一場“平等從家庭開始”的運動。他們收集了50個州250樁發生在基層的事件，目的在於敦促議會通過反粗暴對待同性戀法。科納緹說：“這些法律反映了一個社群的正義感，並傳達了一條重要的資訊”。特遣隊政策研究所所長吾爾瓦西•瓦伊德認為，“三月事件”會使那些關心被剝奪了基本人權鄰居的正直人蔘與其中。瓦伊德還說：“這不僅僅是一件同性戀的事情。”

　　：ENDING THE ROUNDUPS

　　With Chicago's antiloitering law struck down, California is a model for how to fight street gangs

　　The image was riveting, as justice John Paul Stevens, a Chicago native, pr

　　esented it. A gang member and his father are hanging out near Wrigley Field. Are they there "to rob an unsuspecting fan or just to get a glimpse of Sammy Sosa leaving the ball park?" A police officer has no idea, but under Chicago's anti-gang law, the cop must order them to disperse. With Stevens writing for a 6-to-3 majority, the Supreme Court last week struck down Chicago's sweeping statute, which had sparked 42,000 arrests in its three years of enforcement.

　　The decision was a blow to advocates of get-tough crime policies. But in a widely noted concurring opinion, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor suggested that a less draconian approach--distinguishing gang members from innocent bystanders--might pass constitutional muster. New language could target loiterers "with no apparent purpose other than to establish control over identifiable areas, to intimidate others from entering those areas or to conceal illegal activities," she wrote. Chicago officials vowed to draft a new measure. "We will go back and correct it and then move forward," said Mayor Richard Daley.

　　Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California. The state has two antiloitering statutes on the books, aimed at people intending to commit specific crimes--prostitution and drug dealing. In addition, a number of local prosecutors are waging war against gangs by an innovative use of the public-nuisance laws.

　　In cities such as Los Angeles and San Jose, prosecutors have sought injunctions against groups of people suspected of gang activity. "The officers in the streets know the gang members and gather physical evidence for lengthy court hearings," says Los Angeles prosecutor Martin Vranicar. If the evidence is enough to convince a judge, an injunction is issued to prohibit specific behavior--such as carrying cell phones or pagers or blocking sidewalk passage--in defined geographical areas. "It works instantly," says San Jose city attorney Joan Gallo, who successfully defended the tactic before the California Supreme Court. "A few days after the injunctions, children are playing on streets where they never were before."

　　So far, only a few hundred gang members have been targeted, out of an estimated 150,000 in Los Angeles alone. But experts say last week's decision set the parameters for sharper measures. Says Harvard law professor Laurence Tribe: "It just means they have to use a scalpel rather than an invisible mallet."

　　~~~~~~~~

　　注1：本文選自By Margot Hornblower/Los Angeles With reporting by Timothy Roche/Chicago and Andrea Sachs/New York Time; 06/21/99, Vol. 153 Issue 24, p55, 2/3p, 1bw

　　注2：本文習題命題模仿物件2004年真題Text 2。

　　1.What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of the gang member and his father?

　　[A]How the antiloitering law works.

　　[B]How to maintain charming image.

　　[C]How tough the crime polices were.

　　[D]Why Chicago’s sweeping statute stroke down.

　　2.What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?

　　[A]Chicago’s antiloitering law shouldn’t be struck down.

　　[B]The cop was entitled to send the gangs away.

　　[C]Chicago officials yielded to the result of striking down the law.

　　[D]antiloitering law in Chicago was much too severe for the majority.

　　3.The third and fourth paragraphs suggest that ________.

　　[A]the League of Cities and 31 states should work with Chicago officials

　　[B]the injunctions in some cities brought back the safety on the street

　　[C]California successfully starts the battle against the gangs

　　[D]the police officers shoulder more responsibility than before

　　4.What does the author mean by “It just means they have to use a scalpel rather than an invisible mallet” The Last Line, Paragraph 5?

　　[A]The gang members should be given a get-tough attitude in the long run.

　　[B]The targeted gang members rather than all of them should be given a get-tough treatment.

　　[C] A scalpel can cut off the tumors of the society while the invisible mallet fails to.

　　[D]A scalpel is more powerful than the invisible mallet.

　　5.Which of the following is true according to the text?

　　[A]Chicago’s sweeping statute was struck down for its involving too many arrests.

　　[B]Chicago officials still maintained their get-tough crime policies.

　　[C]It was not safe for children to play on the street.

　　[D]California used a scalpel while other states used an invisible mallet to cope with the gangs.

　　答案：ADCBD

　　篇章剖析

　　本文采用提出問題---解決問題的模式。第一段和第二段提出芝加哥因為種種原因解除了禁止閒蕩法令;第三段、四段和五段針對這一問題，指出加利福尼亞的做法是非常值得借鑑的。

　　詞彙註釋

　　loiter[5lCItEr]v.閒蕩, 虛度, 徘徊

　　rivet[5rIvIt]v. 吸引注意力

　　disperse [dI5sp\:s]v.使分散, 使散開, 疏散

　　statute [5stAtju:t]n.法令, 條例

　　enforcement [In`, 強制

　　concur[kEn5k\:r]v.同時發生

　　draconian [drE5kEJnIEn]adj.嚴酷的,極其殘酷的;十分嚴厲的：

　　intimidate [In5tImIdeIt]v. 恐嚇使膽怯;使害怕

　　innovative [`InEJveItIv]adj.創新的, 革新主義的

　　injunction [In5dVQNkFEn]n.命令, 指令, [律]禁令

　　parameter [pE5rAmItEr]n.引數, 參量, <口>起限定作用的因素

　　scalpel [5skAlpEl]n.解剖刀

　　mallet [5mAlIt]n.槌棒

　　難句突破

　　1.Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with them in court, might do well to look at one state where anti-gang loitering prosecutions have withstood constitutional challenges: California.

　　主體結構：Chicago officials might do well to look at …

　　結構分析：“along with the League of Cities and 31 states”在句子中做伴隨狀語，其中that又引導定語從句進行修飾;主句中where又引導從句來修飾state。

　　句子翻譯：只要芝加哥官員以及那些在法庭上支援他們的城市聯盟和31個州去看看那個州—加州—的情況就可以處理好他們的問題。加州的反犯罪集團閒蕩起訴案已經受住了憲法的挑戰。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文中對應資訊“but under Chicago's anti-gang law, the cop must order them to disperse”,從第一段我們可以看出作者在介紹芝加哥的“禁止閒蕩法令”是如何運做及被解除的。

　　2.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。第一段和第二段主要介紹芝加哥解除了“禁止閒蕩法令”。從第一段“which had sparked 42,000 arrests in its three years of enforcement”，我們可以看出這一法令是非常嚴厲的;從第二段“But in a widely noted concurring opinion, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor suggested that a less draconian approach--distinguishing gang members from innocent bystanders--might pass constitutional muster.”我們可以看出一項較寬鬆的法令即將出臺。從這些地方我們可做出判斷。

　　3.答案為C, 屬推理判斷題。第三段和第四段主要介紹了加利福尼亞州是如何與街頭幫派行為做鬥爭的。

　　4.答案為B，屬推理判斷題。這篇文章中存在對比：芝加哥的肅清法令“sparked 42,000 arrests in its three years of enforcement”，重在大範圍的打擊;加利福尼亞州“So far, only a few hundred gang members have been targeted, out of an estimated 150,000 in Los Angeles alone.”重在小範圍的清除。

　　5.答案為D，屬推理判斷題。分析同第四題。

　　參考譯文

　　團伙犯罪休矣

　　隨著芝加哥禁止閒蕩法的廢除，加利福尼亞成為與街頭犯罪集團鬥爭的典範

　　正如芝加哥法官約翰·保羅·斯蒂文斯所描述的那樣，這種景象是非常吸引人的。一個犯罪集團成員和他的父親在裡格利球場附近閒蕩，他們在那“是想搶劫一個毫無戒心的球迷呢，還是隻為了目睹一下正在離場的塞米索薩棒球隊的風采呢?”警官不得而知，但是根據芝加哥反犯罪集團法，警察必須命令他們散開。鑑於史蒂文法官上書要求以6比3的多數通過廢除法令案，上個星期最高法院廢除了芝加哥的肅清法令。這項法令在三年的實施時間裡，引發了42,000起逮捕案。

　　這一決定對於那些主張嚴厲懲治犯罪的人來說，無疑是當頭一棒。但是根據一種相當著名且普遍贊同的觀點，法官桑德拉•戴•奧康納認為，採取一種不太嚴厲的做法—把犯罪集團成員與無辜的旁觀者加以區分的方法—可能更符合憲法的規定。她這樣寫道，議案中使用的新的措辭可能會把那些“除了控制可識別區域、恐嚇他人不得進入該區域或隱瞞非法活動外沒有其它明確目的”的閒蕩者作為目標。芝加哥官員發誓要起草一項新措施。理查德•戴利說：“我們要回過頭去對其進行糾正，然後再繼續往前走。”

　　只要芝加哥官員以及那些在法庭上支援他們的城市聯盟和31個州去看看那個州—加州—的情況就可以處理好他們的問題。加州的反犯罪集團閒蕩起訴案已經受住了憲法的挑戰。這個州已將兩部禁止閒蕩的法律編輯成冊，該法律主要針對那些意欲犯如賣淫和販毒等特種罪行的人。另外，當地一些檢察官正創新性地應用公共妨害法向犯罪集團宣戰。

　　在洛杉磯和聖何塞這樣的城市，檢察官已要求對那些被懷疑有團伙犯罪行為的犯罪集團成員實行禁令。洛杉磯檢察官馬丁•弗拉尼卡說：“大街上巡邏的警察熟悉犯罪集團的成員，併為漫長的法庭審訊收集物證。” 如果證據能足以使法官信服，就會頒佈禁令，在特定區域裡禁止某些特定的行為—比如攜帶手機或尋呼機或阻礙行人通道。曾在加利福尼亞最高法庭上成功為泰迪公司The Tactic進行辯護的聖何塞市律師瓊•加洛說：“這馬上就奏效了。禁止令頒佈幾天之後，孩子們就開始在他們以前未去過的大街上玩耍了。”

　　據估計，洛杉磯150,000個犯罪集團成員中，至今只有幾百人被定為目標物件。但是專家們表示，上週的決定為實施更為嚴厲的措施確立了範圍。哈福法律教授勞倫斯•特萊布說：“這只是意味著，他們須用手術刀，而不是用無形的木槌來解決這一問題了。”

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