汽車專業英語文章

　　近些年,中國國內汽車生產量和消費量不斷攀升,引起世界的關注,並使汽車產業成為中國經濟發展的主導產業。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　1
　　The diameter of the cylinder is called the engine bore.Displacement and compression ratio are two frequently used engine specification.Displacement indicates engine size.and compression ratio compares the total cylinder volume to compression chamber volume

　　The term"stoke"is used to describe the movement of the piston within the cylinder.The operating cycle may require either two or four stroke to complete. Most automobile engines operate on the four stroke cycle

　　This type of engine is also know as Otto cycle,after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto,who first applied the principle in 1876.In the 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are required to complete one full operating cycle. Each stroke is named after the action.It performs intake, compression,power, and exhaust in that order, shown in Fig.1-2

　　1.Intake stroke

　　The piston moves downward to the bottom dead center,a vacuum is created in the cylinder.The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture comes into cylinder .To obtain the maximum filling of the cylinder the intake valve opens about 10' before t.d.c.giving 20'overlap. The inlet valve remains open until some 50'after b.d.c.to take advantage of mixture.

　　2.Compression stroke

　　The air-fuel mixture is compressed within the combustion chamber.While the pressure rise to about 1MP, depending on various factors including the compression ratio, throttle opening and engine speed.The spark plug is fired ignite the air-fule mixture prior to the piston being at the t.d.c..Note that both valves are closed.

　　3.Power stroke

　　The air-fuel mixture expands, which creates the power to force the piston downward.The exhaust valve opens near the bottom of the stroke.

　　4.Exhaust stroke

　　As the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened.The piston moving up force the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.The intake valve usually opens just before the exhaust stroke.

　　This 4-stroke cycle is continuously repeated in every as long as the engine remains running.

　　汽缸體的直徑成為缸徑。排量和壓縮比經常用來反應發動機的效率。排量由發動機的尺寸決定，汽缸體的總體積除以壓縮室的體積成為壓縮比。

　　“衝程”這一個術語是用來描述活塞在汽缸體中的運動的。一個工作迴圈可以通過兩個或者四個衝程來完成大多數的汽車發動機都是四衝程發動機。

　　這種型別的發動機因為這種四衝程迴圈而出名，然後是以發明者發明者的名字而命名，尼古拉斯·奧托在1876年第一次運用這種原理。在四衝程發動機中，活塞的四個衝程在氣缸中運動來實現完美的運動迴圈。每一個衝程都是以他們的作用而命名。他們分別按順序扮演進氣、壓縮空氣、做功和排氣。

　　1.進氣衝程

　　當活塞向下往下止點運動的時候，氣缸中就行成了一個真空。這時候進氣門開啟，空燃混合物進入氣缸。為了保證有更多的混合氣進入氣缸中，進氣門在活塞到達上止點之前10’開啟。所以就有了一個20’的氣門重疊角。為了保證能有更多的混合氣進入汽缸，當活塞經過下止點50’之前都是一直保持開啟的。

　　2.壓縮衝程

　　空燃混合物是在燃燒室內被壓縮的，而裡面的壓縮壓力上升到大概1MP，要取決於很多因素，其中包括壓縮比、節氣門開度和發動機的轉速。當活塞到達上止點的時候火花塞就點燃裡面的空燃混合氣，在這整個過程中所有的氣門都是關閉著的。

　　3做功衝程

　　空燃混合氣膨脹產生的力量推動著活塞向下運動，當達到下止點附近的時候排氣門開啟。

　　4.排氣衝程

　　當活塞開始往上運動的時候，排氣門開啟，活塞往上運動迫使廢棄排除汽缸體，進氣門通常是在排氣衝程結束之前開啟。

　　以上這四個衝程就這樣連續反覆的不斷重複，從而使發動機保持運轉。

　　2

　　About car engine

　　Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile.

　　在汽車的所有部件中，汽車發動機是最複雜的元件，其對整車效能有著決定性的作用。因而發動機往往被稱作發動機的“心臟”。

　　There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.

　　事實上，按動力來源分發動機有很多種，如電動機、蒸汽機、外燃機等。然而內燃機似乎在發動機領域有著絕對的統治地位。就像其字面意思一樣，內燃機的染料在氣缸內燃燒，通過將燃燒產生氣體的膨脹力轉換成轉動力來驅動發動機前進。

　　Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block.

　　發動機是整部車的動力來源。能量來自於活塞在氣缸內的***往復***直線運動。然而這種***往復***直線運動必須要轉換成旋轉運動才能驅動車輪。活塞與連桿通過一個銷來連線，這個銷稱為活塞銷。連桿的下部連線於曲拐。連桿把活塞的上下往復運動傳遞給曲拐，從而將往復直線運動轉變成旋轉運動。連桿和曲拐的連線使用大的軸承，稱之為連桿軸承，類似的軸承也用於將曲軸連線到機體，稱之為主軸承。

　　They are generally two different types of cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses.

　　主要有兩種型別的冷卻系統：水冷和風冷。水冷系統更為普遍。系統所用冷卻介質或是冷卻液水或其他低凝固點液體，稱為抗凝劑。一個完整的水冷系統包括機體水套，節溫器，水泵，散熱器，散熱器罩，風扇，風扇驅動皮帶和必需的水管。

　　A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off the sforter circuit so that coolant circulates through the longer one: water-pump-cooling jacket-thermostat-radiator top-tank-radiator core-bottom tank-pump.

　　水冷系統意味著水將用作冷卻介質，用於在發動機中迴圈吸收熱並將之帶到散熱器中散出。發動機主要是通過熱傳導和熱輻射來散熱。由混合氣燃燒產生的熱通過鐵質或鋁製氣缸傳至水套中的冷卻水中。水套外部通過向空氣散熱輻射部分熱能，然而主要部分由冷卻水帶至散熱器耗散掉。當冷卻液溫度達到90度時，節溫器閥全部開啟，關閉小迴圈從而使冷卻液在大迴圈中流動：水泵-冷卻水套-節溫器-進水室-散熱器芯-出水室-水泵。

　　Water pumps have many designs, but most are the centrifugal type.They consist of a rotating fan,or impeller,and seldom are of the positive displacement type that uses gears or plungers.Many water pumps have a spring-loaded seal to avoid leakage of water around the pump shaft.Some V-type engines have a pump on each cylinder biock.

　　水泵也有不同的設計，多數使用離心式，這種水泵包括一個螺旋風扇或是葉輪。少數水泵使用齒輪或是柱塞。許多水泵有一個彈簧密封,避免洩漏泵軸周圍的水分。一些v型發動機的兩個氣缸體組各有一個水泵。

　　The radiator is a device designed to dissipate the heat which the coolant has absorbed from the engine;it is constructed to hold a large amount of water in tubes or other passages which provide a large area in contact with the atmosphere.

　　散熱器是用來向外散發冷卻液從發動機吸收來廢熱的裝置;其結構中包括可以容納大量冷卻液的管道或其他通道，用來增大與空氣的接觸面積。

　　The radiator usually mainly consists of the radiator core, radiator bottom tank,and radiator top tank.Radiator cores are of two basic types,the fin and tube***fins are placed around the tubes to increase the area for radiating the heat***and of the ribbon cellular or honey comb tybe.The popular fin and tube type of radiator core has the advantage of fewer soldered joints and is there a stronger construction.It consists of a series of pareller tubes extending from the upper to the lower tank.The honeycomb type core consists of a large number of narrow water passage made by soldering pairs of thin metal ribbons together their edges.These tubes are separated by fins of metal ribbon which help dissipate the heat.

　　散熱器主要包括散熱器核心，散熱器底部水箱***可譯為出水室***和散熱器頂部水箱***可譯為進水室***。散熱器核心主要包括兩種基本形式，鰭管型***鰭片安放在管道旁以增大散熱面積***和蜂窩型。流行的鰭管型優點在於較少的焊點和由此而來的較高結構強度。其包含很多從進水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窩型則包含大量由焊接在邊緣的成對金屬片形成的窄水道，這些水道被鰭片隔開以利於散熱。

　　The radiator cap serves not only to prevent the coolant from splashing out the filler opening,but also to prevevt evaporation of the coolant.

　　散熱器罩不僅用於防止冷卻液濺出而且用於防止冷卻液的揮發。

　　The fan designed to draw cooling air through the radiator core. The fan is usually mounted on an extension of the water pump shaft and is driven by V-belt from a pulley mounted on the front end of the cramshaft.Usually the same belt drives the alternator, and belt tension is adjusted by swinging the alternator on its mounting.

　　風扇設計來驅使製冷空氣通過散熱器芯。風扇常常裝在水泵軸的伸出物上，由安裝在曲軸前段的滑輪上的v帶驅動。通常將一臺機器的皮帶換到另一臺機器的時後，帶的張緊力需要通過調節安裝來調節。

　　汽車發動機簡介

　　在汽車的所有部件中，汽車發動機是最複雜的元件，其對整車效能有著決定性的作用。因而發動機往往被稱作發動機的“心臟”。

　　事實上，按動力來源分發動機有很多種，如電動機、蒸汽機、外燃機等。然而內燃機似乎在發動機領域有著絕對的統治地位。就像其字面意思一樣，內燃機的染料在氣缸內燃燒，通過將燃燒產生氣體的膨脹力轉換成轉動力來驅動發動機前進。

　　發動機是整部車的動力來源。能量來自於活塞在氣缸內的***往復***直線運動。然而這種***往復***直線運動必須要轉換成旋轉運動才能驅動車輪。活塞與連桿通過一個銷來連線，這個銷稱為活塞銷。連桿的下部連線於曲拐。連桿把活塞的上下往復運動傳遞給曲拐，從而將往復直線運動轉變成旋轉運動。連桿和曲拐的連線使用大的軸承，稱之為連桿軸承，類似的軸承也用於將曲軸連線到機體，稱之為主軸承。

　　主要有兩種型別的冷卻系統：水冷和風冷。水冷系統更為普遍。系統所用冷卻介質或是冷卻液水或其他低凝固點液體，稱為抗凝劑。一個完整的水冷系統包括機體水套，節溫器，水泵，散熱器，散熱器罩，風扇，風扇驅動皮帶和必需的水管。

　　水冷系統意味著水將用作冷卻介質，用於在發動機中迴圈吸收熱並將之帶到散熱器中散出。發動機主要是通過熱傳導和熱輻射來散熱。由混合氣燃燒產生的熱通過鐵質或鋁製氣缸傳至水套中的冷卻水中。水套外部通過向空氣散熱輻射部分熱能，然而主要部分由冷卻水帶至散熱器耗散掉。當冷卻液溫度達到90度時，節溫器閥全部開啟，關閉小迴圈從而使冷卻液在大迴圈中流動：水泵-冷卻水套-節溫器-進水室-散熱器芯-出水室-水泵。

　　水泵也有不同的設計，多數使用離心式，這種水泵包括一個螺旋風扇或是葉輪。少數水泵使用齒輪或是柱塞。許多水泵有一個彈簧密封,避免洩漏泵軸周圍的水分。一些v型發動機的兩個氣缸體組各有一個水泵。

　　散熱器是用來向外散發冷卻液從發動機吸收來廢熱的裝置;其結構中包括可以容納大量冷卻液的管道或其他通道，用來增大與空氣的接觸面積。

　　散熱器主要包括散熱器核心，散熱器底部水箱***可譯為出水室***和散熱器頂部水箱***可譯為進水室***。散熱器核心主要包括兩種基本形式，鰭管型***鰭片安放在管道旁以增大散熱面積***和蜂窩型。流行的鰭管型優點在於較少的焊點和由此而來的較高結構強度。其包含很多從進水室向出水室延伸的平行管道.蜂窩型則包含大量由焊接在邊緣的成對金屬片形成的窄水道，這些水道被鰭片隔開以利於散熱。

　　散熱器罩不僅用於防止冷卻液濺出而且用於防止冷卻液的揮發。

　　風扇設計來驅使製冷空氣通過散熱器芯。風扇常常裝在水泵軸的伸出物上，由安裝在曲軸前段的滑輪上的v帶驅動。通常將一臺機器的皮帶換到另一臺機器的時後，帶的張緊力需要通過調節安裝來調節。