當面對市場上不計其數的劣質18650鋰電池時,如何判斷自己買到的是貨真價實的?下面分享下挑選18650鋰電池時的有用的方法。
How to tell if you are fooled when facing millions fake-branded and poor quality 18650 batteries? Here's some useful tips to help you differ the good from the bad.
工具/原料
萬用表(此處我們用它測量電壓,測量的目的電壓為2.75-4.2/4.3V)
直尺(10cm-20cm均可)
光線明亮的環境
通過容量判斷
通常情況下18650電池的容量不會超過3100mAh(極限為3400mAh,任何超過的都是假貨次貨,均有爆炸危險哦。筆者在買高光手電同時配的電池是5000mAh的,對沒錯,小夥伴們驚呆了吧? 很明顯是虛標的)。
這裡說一下專業詞彙,
定容:就是指確定電池容量。學過初中物理的小夥伴們都知道,電池內部也是有電阻的,當外部有負載形成閉合迴路時,內部電阻也是要消耗電能的。 18650鋰離子電池定容標準是0.5C. 那麼什麼是0.5C呢?這裡的C值是指放電比率,它和放電時間互為倒數。舉例解釋一下,拿一個3000mAh的18650來說,如果放到用手電筒上持續使用了7小時,那麼就是1/6=0.14C, 那0.5C放點呢?0.5C放電就意味著要在x小時內將3000mAh電量放完,1/x=0.5,那x=2,也就是2小時內放出3000mAh電量。由於W=UI,所以粗略算下就是3Ah/2h*3.7V=5.55W,也就是要放上5.55瓦的燈頭(cree Q3 是3W的,Cree R2 是5W的)。 一般情況下,A品電芯被用作了電動車電池和電動工具電池,B品被賣給移動電源廠家做成移動電源。C品會被手電筒廠家買走,或者國內的小商販收走。所以現在你知道那些標稱4000mAh和5000mAh的18650電池是怎麼回事了。
Normally the 18650 lithium ion battery's capacity won't exceed 3100mAh for any reason(based the 0.5C capacity-testing standard). If you got a xxFire 18650 battery, and labeled 5000mAh or so, PLEASE DON'T RISK YOUR LIFE TO USE IT. It's always been this case. A grade 18650 cells for e-bikes and power tools. B grade for small assembly company of power bank product. C grade and those below C grade for flashlight uses.
通過價格判斷
18650電池出廠定價是以每1000mAh計算的。出廠價每1000mAh價格為3.6/4.0/6.0元,市面上的售價為8元左右的18650,拋去商家利潤,再拋去批發商利潤,單顆電池普遍在3.2左右,實際容量在800mAh左右。
Some company will use LOW PRICE WITH HUGE CAPACITY to attract customers or even distributors. The price always be something around a 0.65 USD to 1.3 USD for one single 18650 lithium ion batteries. Now you dare to use it? No company will sell goods with a price which is much more lower than the cost. Besides now the labor cost is increasing in China. If there is, it could be
通過電壓判斷
18650鋰離子電池放電有截止電壓,即電壓低於2.75V時則需要停止放電,否則對電池造成傷害,影響壽命。所以手電筒裡面的18650大多有保護板對其進行放電保護。
拿萬用表測量放電完畢的18650電芯電壓,如果兩端開路電壓(並非恢復電壓)低於2.75V,那麼說明電池廠家為了節省成本用了劣質的保護板。
這裡要說明一個專業術語:恢復電壓,顧名思義,就是電池在進行完放電操作後,靜置一定時間後測量得到的開路電壓。
通過外形尺寸判斷
18650,這是一個鋰離子電池標準型號,國際通行。18,指電池的直徑為18mm,65指電池的高度/長度為65mm。
Is it PCB protected?
There's the risk to be deformed, leakage, explosion. Under the maniac price war, Some companies use low price PCB protection board or EVEN cut this part off. This kind of deeds make the market pay prices for the explosion-able 18650 batteries. It does not come easy to tell whether this a PCB inside. Here's a easy way but not very reliable way. The 18650 li-ion battery's dimension is 18mm by 65mm. 65mm is its length. A PCB protected 18650 would be at least 67-68mm. Yet the most reliable way is to buy it from a reliable seller.
拿支援測量18650電芯的長度。
手電筒內電池因為需要加裝保護板,2-3mm厚,所以長度會在67.5-68mm左右。長度不夠說明保護板未加裝。
通過外觀判斷
拿一支18650電芯,放在光線明亮處,觀察其外觀。
觀察其噴碼是否模糊、重影、噴碼不清,電池金屬位置是否磨損嚴重或者鏽蝕,很多略知電池都是經過回收二手廢電池通過重新注液,進行翻新的。
在翻新過程中由於要進行開蓋注液操作,而在開蓋過程中,
這樣的電池在使用中極易發生危險。
Is it reconditioned?
For the original, it has a clear color and texture. Tidy and clean appearance. No scratch. It should be correctly labeled with Model No, Type, Capacity, Voltage, Negative and positive indications. Metal sheets no scratch, no blackened and greenished. If there's inconformity then you can tell it's not the original.