雅思閱讀之掃讀法

　　雅思閱讀文章在考試時讀不完很正常，而且也沒有必要真正逐詞逐句讀完。為了讓價提高閱讀效率，下面是小編給大家帶來的，希望能幫到大家!

　　第一步，大致“掃”一下文章。尋找那些不變和顯眼的東西，如資料、數字和地名等，例如，“000”這樣的數字就很容易看到，簡單掃一下就行，找出最為顯眼的細節並標出它們在哪兒。

　　然後，“掃”一下問題。看看問題中是否包含任何的數字或資料?如果有，答案就應很容易找到。掃完問題之後，返回到文章。現在我們真正開始閱“讀”。然而，我們仍然不用花費時間去閱讀整篇文章。此時只讀每段的首末句，我們就可以形成概念，什麼資訊在文章的什麼地方。我們知道了每一段的主題，也就知道了相關的資訊可以在哪裡找到。這就意味著我們可以輕鬆地在文中定位答案。

　　如果在讀完首句、末句及此段中的例子之後，仍然找不到答案，這時候你才有必要通“讀”全段。重點在於，這是你次真正通讀文章的某一部分。事實上通讀文章是你應採取的辦法，就算此時，我們也沒有必要通讀全文，只閱讀相關的段落即可。

　　需要強調的是絕大多數的問題都是細節化的，並很容易通過熱點找到。但如果問題問得範圍較大，涉及到某段的內容。那程式也是先讀首句、末句，再讀例子，之後如果仍有必要，再通讀整段。

　　雅思閱讀之帆船集團

　　The Galleon trial

　　Rajaratnam guilty as charged

　　IN A phone call recorded by the government in 2008, Raj Rajaratnam, the boss of Galleon Group, a large hedge fund, called Danielle Chiesi, an executive at another fund, to thank her for sharing a tip. “But it’s a conquest, right?” he asks her. “It’s a conquest,” she responds. “You’re a warrior. I’m a warrior.”

　　On May 11th Mr Rajaratnam lost the battle he was fighting against government prosecutors. He was convicted on 14 counts of securities fraud and conspiracy, and faces up to 205 years in prison when he is sentenced in July. A New York jury found that Mr Rajaratnam made nearly $64m from trading based on tips he ferreted out from a network of corporate executives and traders about firms like Goldman Sachs, Google and Intel. He rewarded them generously for confidential information. He paid Anil Kumar, then an executive at McKinsey, $500,000 a year for tips about the firm’s clients, for example.

　　This is the first insider-trading case in which the government has used wiretaps, and they were pivotal in Mr Rajaratnam’s conviction. The jury heard dozens of conversations that showed him as foul-mouthed, boastful and conniving. In one Mr Rajaratnam and his brother, Rengan, talk about getting another McKinsey executive to leak information. “Everybody is a scumbag,” says Rengan, and they laugh.

　　Mr Rajaratnam, a risk-taker in his trading, took the same approach to fighting the government’s charges against him. He hired a public-relations manager to set up a website, rajdefense.org, which attacked supposedly biased news articles and posted documents relevant to his case. His lawyers argued that the information Mr Rajaratnam traded on was publicly available, pointing to news reports that speculated about upcoming deals and results.

　　But it proved impossible to distract the jury from what was said in those calls. The defence case also stumbled when Rick Schutte, a former Galleon president who testified that Mr Rajaratnam was just a meticulous researcher, revealed under questioning that Mr Rajaratnam and his family had invested $25m in his new hedge fund.

　　A glimpse inside

　　The trial afforded a glimpse inside what used to be one of the industry’s largest and most respected funds. Galleon, which managed $6.5 billion at its peak, gathered staff every morning at a meeting, and employees were fined if they were late. Analysts and portfolio managers had to circulate weekly reports with their best trading ideas. Mr Rajaratnam sat in front of six computer screens during the day. Internal instant messages, e-mails and company documents revealed an intense and competitive culture that blended legitimate research with illegally obtained tips.

　　Mr Rajaratnam’s lawyer says he will appeal against his conviction. Providing it stands, the verdict will be an important victory for emboldened prosecutors, who are making insider trading and market abuse a priority. Enforcement of insider-trading law tends to go up after periods of market stress, according to Laura Beny, a professor at the University of Michigan Law School. In the past 18 months, the US Attorney’s Office has charged 47 people with insider trading. Mr Rajaratnam is the 35th to be convicted.

　　“A long-term full-court press to root out insider trading in the hedge-fund business” is how Janice Fedarcyk, an assistant director at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, has described the government’s ambitions. Robert Khuzami, director of enforcement at the Securities and Exchange Commission SEC, says it will target hedge funds for “aberrational” performance, which he considers to be outperforming the market consistently by 3%.

　　Edgy hedgies

　　Hedge-fund executives, gathering in Las Vegas for an industry event, are not pleased with all the attention they’re getting. More unflattering headlines are likely. The government has already arrested several other hedge-fund managers, including two former portfolio managers at SAC Capital, one of the industry’s largest funds, as part of a crackdown on the use of “expert network” firms, which link hedge funds with company executives. Another Galleon employee, Zvi Goffer, who attended Mr Rajaratnam’s trial, has been charged with insider trading, and will stand trial later this month.

　　It is not just hedge funds that will feel the fallout from Galleon. The case ensnared executives and board members at companies like McKinsey, Intel, Goldman Sachs, Moody’s and IBM. This will lead companies to rethink their insider-trading and compliance policies. The biggest fish to be caught up in the mess so far is Rajat Gupta, a former board member of Goldman Sachs and ex-boss of McKinsey, who has been charged by the SEC in an administrative proceeding for allegedly passing tips to Mr Rajaratnam. Mr Gupta has sued the SEC and is asking to stand trial in front of a jury. He may reconsider now that he has seen Mr Rajaratnam’s fate.