英語簡單句子結構分析

　　由於漢語與英語形成的背景不同,所以二者在句子結構上存在一定的差異,這種差異可能會對熟悉國語的我們在英語學習上帶來一定的麻煩。下面是小編帶來的英語簡單句子結構，歡迎閱讀!

　　英語簡單句子結構精選

　　簡單句的五種基本句型

　　1. 主語+謂語 S+V

　　2. 主語+謂語+賓語 S+V+O

　　3. 主語+謂語動詞+賓語+賓補 S+V+O+C

　　4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語人+直接賓語物 S+V+O+O

　　5. 主語+系動詞+表語 S+LV+P

　　英語句子當中的成分分為： 主、謂、賓、定、狀、補 六類。

　　賓語：表示動詞的物件、承受者或後果。

　　定語：用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特徵的。

　　狀語：句子重要修飾成分，是謂語的另一個附加成分，附加在謂語中心語

　　補語：起補充說明作用的部分，作用物件是主語和賓語，具有鮮明的定語性描寫或限制性功能。

　　1. 主語S+謂語Vi不及物動詞

　　I see. I’ll try. Time flies.

　　He can swim. Who knows? That depends.

　　Everybody smiled. Water flows.

　　The children are playing. Tim is sleeping.

　　She is crying. He is reading. It’s snowing.

　　該句型中的動詞為不及物，不及物動詞詞義自身完全，不需要賓語補足其意義，但有些動詞詞義必須由一個狀語不能沒有狀語進行補充。

　　Birds sing beautifully. He reads loudly. He went on holiday.

　　We go for a walk. They sit under the tree. Your sister dances beautifully. Jim and Tom study together every day. She swims like a fish.

　　Her lecture lasted an hour. She is studying hard at the university.

　　There be句型也屬於這一結構。There本身無詞義常弱讀，其後的動詞be具有”存在”之義，所以是一實意動詞。

　　There is a telephone in that room. There was a concert last night.

　　2. 主語S+謂語Vt及物動詞+賓語O

　　這裡的謂語為及物動詞或者相當於一個及物動詞的短語動詞。

　　2.1 主語+謂語+名詞代詞

　　We love our country. I like music. I saw her.

　　Jane’s looking after the children. He knows everything. He loves poetry.

　　2.2 主語+謂語+動名詞

　　She loves window shopping. I enjoy living here.

　　Jane’s looking after the children. I prefer standing.

　　2.3 主語+謂語+不定式

　　I want to help him. He decided to leave. We’re expecting to see you soon.

　　I pretended to be cheated. Soon he went to sleep.

　　2.4 主語+謂語+反身代詞

　　I can’t express myself in English. Now I’ll introduce myself. I can support myself.

　　2.5 主語+謂語+that引導的賓語從句

　　I guess we’ll leave now. I don’t think that he is right.

　　I heard that you’re back.

　　2.6 主語+謂語+連線副代詞引導的賓語從句

　　I don’t know what to do. Do you understand what I mean?

　　I wonder how old he is. The teacher will explain how to do it.

　　He forgot who I was. I don’t care what they say.

　　英語簡單句子結構閱讀

　　3. 主語S +謂語VT +賓語O +賓補OC

　　I’ll make you clear.

　　3.1 主語+謂語+賓語名詞/代詞+ 賓補名詞

　　We named our puppy Baby. He was found wounded.

　　They made him chairman.

　　常用於這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate.

　　3.2 主語+謂語+賓語名詞/代詞+ 賓補形容詞

　　He painted the wall white. Please keep the room clean and tidy.

　　He never made me sad. I found the book easy. What made you angry? 常用這句型的動詞：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish, etc.

　　3.3 主語+謂語+賓語名詞/代詞+賓補介詞短語Prep Phrase

　　She always keeps everything in good order.

　　What makes you in such a hurry?

　　3.4 主語+謂語+賓語名詞/代詞+賓補不定時

　　I wish you to stay. I persuaded him to give up smoking.

　　Did he make you cry? The teacher told us to study hard.

　　I’ll let him go. 不帶to 的動詞不定式go作賓語

　　4. 主語S+謂語VT+間接賓語 In O 人+ 直接賓語 D O 物/事

　　I give you help.

　　4.1 S+ VT + N/Pron + N

　　I sent him a book. I bought May a book. He brought me a present.

　　I showed him my passport. I’ll tell you a story. Sissy teaches us English.

　　She gave me her telephone number. She gave a job to John.

　　He gave Sandy a pen yesterday. = He gave a pen to Sandy yesterday.

　　Father made me a kite= Father made a kite for me.

　　4.2 S+VT+N/Pron+ To/For-phrase

　　He sent a book to me. He bought a coat for me. They didn’t offer any help to us. 間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有: bring, throw, give, hand, lend, pass, read, sell, send, show, tell, teach, wish, write, refuse, pay, promise, permit, offer, owe, leave, allow, deny, grant, etc.

　　間接賓語前需要加For的常用動詞有：make, cook, buy, play, sing, bring, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, order, paint, save, spare, etc.

　　4.3 S+VT+N/Pron+Wh-Clause/Wh-word+infinitive

　　He show me how to do it. He asked me what he should do.

　　4.4 S+VT+N/Pron+That-Clause

　　He told me that the film was great.

　　英語簡單句子結構學習

　　5. 主語S+謂語V /系動詞lV +表語P/補語

　　We are Chinese.

　　除了Be系動詞外，還有一些動詞可以用作系動詞，如：

　　1 表示感官的動詞，處於某種狀態。Feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem, etc. E.g. The boy looks healthy. The roses look very beautiful and smell sweet. This dish tastes very delicious. She appeared calm.

　　The medicine tastes awful. The report sounds true.

　　2 表示轉變變化的動詞，狀態的改變 become, get, grow, turn, go, etc.

　　E.g. Her face turns red. The machine goes wrong.

　　The sea is growing calm. Gradually he became silent.

　　3 表示延續的動詞，狀態的延續 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest, etc.

　　E.g. It remains raining these days. They stayed awake to work.

　　This law holds good. Jenny kept silent.

　　4 表示瞬時的動詞come, fall, set, cut, occur, etc.

　　E.g. Your dream will certainly come true.

　　表語的功能是表述主語的特徵狀態身份等。它位於聯絡動詞之後，與之構成所謂的系表結構。 主+系+名詞代詞 He is a boy. This is mine. He became king when he was a child. We remain friends. She is beautiful. Are you busy? 主+系+副詞 Class is over. Are you there? Is anybody in?

　　He is in good health. The show is from seven till ten. They appear out of breath.