英語語法考點短語動詞

　　英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當於及物動詞，有的相當於不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。接下來，小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

　　英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種：

　　1 動詞+介詞

　　常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of from, add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如：

　　Don't laugh at others.

　　I didn't care about it.

　　2 動詞+副詞

　　常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow. Please don't forget to hand it in.

　　3 動詞+副詞+介詞

　　常見的有look down upon1, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如：

　　All his money added2 up to no more than $100.

　　After a short rest, he went on with his research3 work.

　　4 動詞+名詞+介詞

　　常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting4.　We should make full use of our time.

　　5 動詞+形容詞

　　常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

　　The prisoners5 were set free.

　　He cut it open.

　　6 動詞+名詞

　　常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如：

　　This story took place three years ago.

　　I make friends with a lot of people.

　　7辨析

　　give away讓給，暴露 和 give up放棄，停止

　　put away放起，收起 和 put out 撲滅

　　turn up出席，放大 和 turn on 開啟

　　keep out阻止 和 keep off 不讓靠近

　　make up編造，補上 和 make out辨認

　　take off脫，起飛 和 take out拿出

　　II. 例題

　　例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.

　　A put away B kept up C given away D laid up

　　解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續";give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。

　　例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.

　　A touch B relation C connection D friendship

　　解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞，意為"保持聯絡"。

　　例3 ____! There's a train coming.

　　A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on

　　解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。

　　擴充套件：連詞

　　1、 連詞的種類

　　1 並列連詞用來連線並列關係的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either1…or, neither2…nor等。

　　2 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that, if, whether4, when, after, as5 soon as等。

　　除了從屬連詞引導狀語從句外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連線代詞和連線副詞引導名詞性從句，關係代詞和關係副詞引導定語從句。

　　2、 常用連詞舉例

　　1 and 和，並且

　　They drank and sang6 all night.

　　2 both…and 和， 既…也…

　　Both my parents and I went there.

　　3 but 但是，而

　　I'm sad, but he is happy.

　　4 either…or 或…或…， 要麼…要麼…

　　Either you're wrong, or I am.

　　5 for因為

　　I asked him to stay, for I had7 something to tell him.

　　6 however8 然而，可是

　　Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later9, however, he decided10 to go.

　　7 neither…nor3 既不…也不

　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees11 with you.

　　8 not only…butalso 不但…而且…

　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.

　　9 or 或者，否則

　　Hurry up, or you'll be late.

　　Are you a worker or a doctor?

　　10 so 因此，所以

　　It's getting late, so I must go.

　　11 although12 雖然

　　Although it was13 late, they went on working.

　　12 as soon as 一 …就

　　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

　　13 because 因為

　　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

　　14 unless14 除非，如果不

　　I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

　　15 until15 直到…

　　He didn't leave until eleven. 瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構

　　He stayed there until eleven.

　　16 while16 當…時候，而 表示對比

　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. while後不可用瞬間動詞

　　My pen is red while his is blue.

　　17 for 因為

　　He was ill, for he didn't come. 結論是推斷出來的

　　18 since17自從…

　　I have lived here since my uncle left.

　　19 hardly18… when 一… 就

　　I had hardly got19 to the station when the train left.

　　20 as far as 就… 來說

　　As far as I know, that country is very small.

　　You may walk as far as the lake. 一直走到湖那裡

　　II. 例題

　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。

　　例2 She thought20 I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact21, I was talking about my daughter.

　　A when B where C which D while

　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。

　　例3 Would22 you like a cup of coffee ____ shall23 we get down to business24 right away?

　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise25

　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。