初二英語語法學習方法有哪些***2***
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____***be***hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____***be***bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____***go***swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____***may***call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____***read***a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. ***Tom***
2. I can speak three languages. ***Lucy***
3. I will call you tomorrow. ***Mike***
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. ***she***
***五***
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就幹個通宵。
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
***一***題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯絡、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設定10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設定的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生準確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
***A***
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase ***短語***“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied ***答覆***the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”
*** ***1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
*** ***2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
*** ***3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
*** ***4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
*** ***5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
*** ***6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
*** ***7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
*** ***8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
*** ***9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
*** ***10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
***B***
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap ***代溝***has become a serious problem. I read a _______***1***about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______***2***after quarrels ***爭吵***with parents. I think this is _______***3***they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______***4***time in the office. _______***5***they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______***6***they don’t have the same topics***話題***to talk about. I want to _______***7***parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______***8***your parents. They are the people who _______***9***you. So tell them your thoughts ***想法***. In this way, you can have a better _______***10***of each other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上,再結合所給備選項細讀全文,聯絡上、下文內容,注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結構入手,根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續往下做,最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真複查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章,語法結構是否正確,是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的,應再次推敲、反覆斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、瞭解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,瞭解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句,善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結合所學過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當的成分,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據詞語搭配和語法規則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章,語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
***三***課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
***1***理解主旨要義
***2***理解文中具體資訊
***3***根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
***4***做出簡單判斷的推理
***5***理解文章的基本結構
***6***理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
***1***擴大視距
***2***克服聲讀
***3***克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
***1***通過標題或主題句進行預測
***2***文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測,以便正確理解。
***3***通過語篇標記進行預測
***4***語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
***5***利用背景知識預測
***6***利用圖片進行預測
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