初二英語語法重點知識點歸納

General 更新 2024年11月07日

  學想要好英語,最主要就是學好語法,那麼初二英語語法重點知識點有哪些?下面是小編分享給大家的初二英語語法重點知識點,希望大家喜歡!

  初二英語賓語從句重點知識點

  定義:用一個句子充當賓語的叫賓語從句。賓語從句在複合句中作主句的賓語。常見的賓語從句有以下三種。

  1.由that引導,由於that沒有任何意義,也不充當任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類賓語從句通常表達一種陳述意義。

  e.g.He told me ***that*** he would go to Wuhan.

  Tom says ***that*** he must study hard.

  She told me ***that*** she was a student.

  ***1***如果由and連線兩個並列的賓語從句時,第二個that則不能省略。

  e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.

  ***2***常接that引導的賓語從句的謂語動詞有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。

  2.由連線代詞或連線副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導,含有“誰、什麼、哪個、什麼時候、什麼地方、怎樣、為什麼”等特殊疑問意義。

  e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?

  Can you tell me what they’re looking for?

  I don’t know where she has gone.

  I wonder how she can find us.

  She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.

  3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導,含有“是否,能否,對否,有否”等一般疑問意義。

  e.g.She asked me if I could help her.

  Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.

  Please tell me whether you can come or not.

  在這類賓語從句中要注意兩點:

  ***1***if引導賓語從句和狀語從句的區別

  if引導賓語從句時意為“是否”,從句中該用什麼時態就應用什麼時態。

  if引導條件狀語從句時意為“假如”,從句中應用一般現在時代替一般將來時。

  e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.

  I don’t know if the letter is yours.

  They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.

  I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.

  ***2***if引導賓語從句時多數情況下可以與whether互換,但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時,通常用whether,並在後面的加上“or not”,即一般要選擇whether構成whether…or not的結構。

  e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.

  Let me know whether you can come or not.

  I want to know whether you can help me or not.

  注意:

  1.賓語從句的語序問題

  以上介紹了三種賓語從句,同學們一定要注意,在疑問詞或if/whether引導的賓語從句中,一定要用陳述句語序。

  e.g.She asked how old I was.

  We don’t know where her office is.

  My teacher wanted to know if I like English.

  2.賓語從句的時態問題

  一般情況下賓語從句的時態必須和主句的時態保持一致:

  當主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時時,賓語從句中的謂語動詞不受時態限制。

  e.g.She says that she is a student.

  She says that she was a student two years ago.

  She says that she will be a college student soon.

  She says that she has been a college student for 3 years.

  當主句的謂語動詞是過去時時,賓語從句中只能用過去的某種時態。

  e.g.He told me that he would leave soon.

  He said that he was watching TV.

  He didn’t tell me whether he had finished this homework.

  但如果賓語從句中講述的客觀事實、一般真理或自然現象時,則不受它限制。

  e.g.My teacher told us that Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.

  Father said ***that*** the sun always rises in the east.

  初二英語狀語從句重點知識點

  狀語從句主要用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大類,分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。儘管種類較多,但由於狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它並不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連線詞和特殊的連線詞即考點。現分別列舉如下:

  1.時間狀語從句

  常用引導詞:when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, whenever

  e.g.Don’t come in until you are called.

  While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.

  I called my mother as soon as I reached Shanghai.

  I have been an English teacher since I came to the school.

  2.地點狀語從句

  常用引導詞:where, wherever

  e.g.Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.

  Wherever you go, you should work hard.

  3.原因狀語從句

  常用引導詞:because, since, as, for

  e.g.I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold.

  As the car was expensive, we didn’t buy it.

  Since he was busy, he didn’t come.

  4.目的狀語從句

  常用引導詞:so that, in order that

  e.g.You should talk to him so that/in order that you can say you are sorry.

  5.結果狀語從句

  常用引導詞:so…that, such…that

  e.g.He got up so early that he caught the first bus.

  It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.

  6.條件狀語從句

  常用引導詞:if, unless, as long as

  e.g.We’ll start our project if the president agrees.

  You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.

  注意:在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中通常用一般現在時表一般將來時間。

  e.g.—When will Lisa come back?

  —Sorry I don’t know. When she comes back, I will call you.

  If you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.

  Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.

  7.讓步狀語從句

  常用引導詞:though, although, even if, even though

  e.g.Although the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway station on time.

  Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.

  8、比較狀語從句

  常用引導詞:as***同級比較***, than***兩者之間不同程度的比較***

  e.g.She is as hard-working as her Lucy.

  John swims better than Jim ***does***.

  9.方式狀語從句

  常用引導詞:as, as if

  e.g.When in Rome, do as the Roman do.

  She behaved as if she were the boss.

  初二英語語法易錯重點知識點

  一.動詞be***is,am,are***的用法

  我***I***用am, 你***you***用are,is跟著他***he***,她***she***,它***it***。單數名詞用is,複數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be後not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

  二.this,that和it用法

  ***1***this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。

  ***2***距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠的人或物用that。如:

  This is a flower. 這是一朵花。***近處***

  That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。***遠處***

  ***3***放在一起的兩樣東西,先說this, 後說that。如:

  This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

  ***4***向別人介紹某人時說This is…, 不說That is…。如:

  This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。

  ***5***This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:

  This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

  ***6***打電話時,介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如:

  —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?

  —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是誰?

  注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時絕不可以說:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

  ***7***在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如:

  ①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?

  —Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

  ②—What’s that? 那是什麼?

  —It’s a kite. 是隻風箏。

  三.these和those用法

  this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的複數形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的複數形式,指時間、距離較遠或前面已經提到過的人或事物。

  ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

  ②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。

  ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?

  在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時,通常用they代替these或those以避免重複。如:

  ④Are these/those your apples? 這些***那些***是你的蘋果嗎?

  Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。

  四.不定冠詞a和an

  a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一***個,支,本,塊……***的意思,但不強調數量概念,而是強調類別,用來限定名詞。a用在子音素開頭的單數名詞前,如:a pencil***一支鉛筆***,a book***一本書***;an用在母音音素開頭的名詞前,如an eraser***一塊橡皮***。如果名詞前有修飾語,用a還是用an,則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:

  a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書 an English book 一本英語書

  a nice apple 一個可愛的蘋果 an apple 一個蘋果

  五.名詞+’s所有格

  名詞+’s所有格

  單數名詞後直接加 “ ’s ”

  Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother傑夫的媽媽

  以s結尾的複數名詞,只加“’”

  Teachers’ Day教師節 the twins’ books雙胞胎的書

  不以s結尾的不規則的名詞複數,加“ ’s ”

  Children’s Day 兒童節 men’s shoes男式鞋

  表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最後一個名詞後加’s

  表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞後加’s

  Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽***共同的媽媽,一個媽媽***

  Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間***各自的房間,兩間房子***

  六.There be句型

  ***1***There be句型主要用以表達“某處***某時***有某人***某物***。”其基本結構為“There be+某物***某人***+某地***某時***”其中there是引導詞,沒有詞義;主語是be後面的名詞, be是謂語動詞,在一般現在時中be只用is和are兩種形式。下面這首歌訣可幫你巧記there be句型結構:

  There be放句首,主語跟在後。地、時放句末,強調置前頭。如:

  There is a book on the desk.

  有時為了強調地點,也可把介詞短語放在句首。如:

  On the desk there is a book.

  ***2***There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣:

  Be動詞,有三個,am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其後的名詞是單數還是複數。若是單數或不可數名詞用is,否則就用are。如:

  ①There is a tree behind the house.

  ②There is some water***水***in the bottle***瓶子***.

  ③There are some pears in the box.

  ***3***注意:如果“be”後的主語是由and連線的兩個或兩個以上的名詞,那麼be的形式要遵循“遠親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數或不可數名詞要用is,是複數就用are。如:

  ①There is a book and some pens on the floor.

  ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.

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