英語六級閱讀理解模擬練習及答案譯文

　　在英語學習過程中，閱讀理解能力是學習者發展語言能力的基礎和手段。國內的各類英語考試中幾乎都有閱讀理解題型，大學英語六級考試也不例外。大學英語六級閱讀試題是試卷中分值最重的題型，為了提高大家的閱讀水平，下面是小編為大家帶來，希望對大家的學習有所幫助!

　　英語六級閱讀理解模擬練習：氣候環境

　　In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror-the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the sun's rays to enter but prevents che heat from escaping.

　　According to a weather expert's prediction. the atmosphere will be 3C warmer m the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to bum fuels at the present rate. If this warming up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt. thus raising sea level several meters and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly re9ulting in an alteration of the earth's chief food-growing zones.

　　In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.

　　Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the earth.

　　However. most of the fuel is burnt in the northern Hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude. therefore. that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?

　　One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and "cold” spots ***that is, the relatively less hot spots*** on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27.5 days. it presents hotter or "colder" faces to the earth, and different aspects to different parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on che distribution of the earth's atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles. che latest trend being, downward.

　　Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that che models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia ***慣性*** of the earth's climate. If this is right. the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counterbalance to the sun’s diminishing heat.

　　測試題

　　1. It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would______.

　　A*** prevent the sun's rays from reaching the earth's surface

　　B*** mean a warming up in the Arctic

　　C*** cause great climate changes in the northern hemisphere

　　D*** raise the temperature of the earth's surface

　　2.The article was written io explain____________.

　　A*** the greenhouse effect.

　　B*** che sola:r effects on the earth.

　　C*** the models of solar-weather interactions.

　　D*** the causes affecting weather.

　　3.Why is the fuel consumption greater in the northern hemisphere. but temperatures there seem to be falling?

　　A*** Mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are rising.

　　B*** Possibly because the ice caps in the poles are melting.

　　C*** Because the inertia of the earth's climate take effect.

　　D*** Partly because the output of solar energy varies.

　　4.On the basis of their models. scientists are of the opinion that_______.

　　A*** the climate of the world should be becoming cooler

　　B*** it will take thousands of years for the inertia of the earth's climate to take effect

　　C*** the man-made warming effect helps to increase the solar effects

　　D*** the new Ice Age will be delayed by the greenhouse effect

　　5.If the assumption about the delayof a new Ice Age is correct,___________.

　　A*** the best way to overcome the cooling effect would be to burn more fuels

　　B*** ice would soon cover the northern hemisphere

　　C*** the increased levels of carbon dioxide could warm up the earth quickly.

　　D*** the greenhouse effect could work to the advantage of the earth.

　　答案詳解

　　1.可以推斷出，大氣中二氧化碳的集__________。

　　A***阻止太陽的光線到達地表 B***意味著北極的升溫

　　C***導致北半球大的氣候改變 D***導致地表溫度升高

　　[D]從第1段對二氧化碳造成溫室效應的原理描述，即可判斷本題答案為D項。根據第4段第3句“這種情況符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論”也可判斷D項符合題意。此外，本題也可以根據有關溫室效應的常識求解。

　　2.作者撰寫這篇文章，是為了解釋____________。

　　A***溫室效應 B***地球受到的太陽效應

　　C***太陽與氣象相互作用的模型 D***影響天氣的因素

　　[D]文章前半部分***前四段***講燃燒產生二氧化碳使地球產生溫室效應，後半部分***後三段***講太陽對地球的影響使地球溫度降低。尤其值得注意的是第5段提出的問題Which natural cause has most effect on the weather? 使我們推出本文旨在解釋影響氣候變化的原因。故D項為正確答案。

　　3.為什麼北半球燃油消耗更大，但是它的溫度看似卻下降了?

　　A***主要是因為***大氣中***二氧化碳含量上升了。

　　B***可能是因為極地的冰蓋正在融化。

　　C***因為地球氣候的慣性起作用了。

　　D***一定程度上是因為太陽能的輸出變化了。

　　[D]從第5段最後一句給出的設問可知，第6段的首句是考點之所在，即：“一種可能性***自然因素***是變化無常的太陽活動”。由此可以判斷，D項的內容符合題意。A項說的是人為的因素，即溫室效應。事實上，A項和D項是作為兩個影響氣候的對立因素出現的，同時也是本文論及的兩個分話題，由此也可以直接判斷D項為正確答案。

　　4.根據他們的模型，科學家們持這一觀點：

　　A***全球的氣候應該變冷。

　　B***地球氣候的慣性需要幾千年才起作用。

　　C***人為的升溫效應助推太陽效應。

　　D***新的冰河時代將因溫室效應而被推後。

　　[A]最後一段的第2句提到“科學家們研究的結果應該是地球進入新的冰川時期，然而卻沒有出現這種情況”，這與A項的內容吻合。D項為本題的強幹擾項，根據文章，該項的含義正確。但就本題而言，題幹針對的是models***模型***，因而判斷範隔只能針對solar-weather interactions.即太陽的作用。

　　5.如果關於新冰河時代延遲的設想是正確的，那麼__________。

　　A***戰勝變冷效應的最好辦法是燒更多的燃料

　　B***北半球將很快被冰雪覆蓋

　　C******大氣中***二氧化碳含量的增加會致使地球迅速升溫

　　D***溫室效應將良性地作用於地球

　　[D]文章最後一句中的a useful counter-balance是指有益的抵消作用，即二氧化碳產生的熱效應可以抵消太陽熱量減少使地球變冷的傾向，這對地球的熱量平衡是有利的。這與D項的內容相吻合。

　　參考譯文

　　[1]大氣中二氧化碳的作用很像單向的鏡子——即鑲在溫室屋頂的玻璃，它允許陽光進入，卻阻止熱量散失。

　　據氣象專家預測，如果人類繼續以目前的速度消耗燃料，到2050年時大氣溫度將比現在高3C。如果真的發生升溫，兩極的冰冠會開始融化，從而使海平面上升幾米，違成海濱城市洪水氾濫。而且，大氣溫度升高也將引起北半球氣候劇變，可能會導致地球上主要的糧食生產帶發生變化。

　　過去，人們關注人為造成的地球升溫時，注意力集中在北極地區，因為南極寒冷得多，冰層也厚得多。但現在氣象專家更關注南極西部。因為即使溫度只上升幾度，這個地區也會受到影響，也就是說，在未來50年內因為消耗燃料而可能引起的那種幅度的升溫，南極西部也會受到影響。

　　衛星圖片顯示，南極大面積的冰塊正在消融。已有的證據表明，溫度已經升高了。這種情況符合二氧化碳使地球變暖的理論。

　　然而，大部分燃料是在北半球消耗的，這裡的溫度卻似乎在下降。科學家因此得出結論：到目前為止，自然因素對大氣的影響超過人類因素的影響。問題是：哪一種自然因素對天氣影響最大?

　　[3]一種可能性是變化無常的太陽活動。一個研究站的天文學家們研究進太陽表面的熱點和“冷”點***即相對而言不太熱的區域***。太陽旋轉時，每隔27.5天，其較熱或較“冷”的一面就朝向地球，給地球上的不同地區帶來不同的特點。這似乎對地球上的氣壓分佈影響很大，並因此影響大氣迴圈。從長期來看，太陽也是多變的：它的熱量輸出週期性地上升或下降，最近的趨勢是下降。

　　科學家現在發現了太陽-天氣互動模式與包括上一個冰川期在內的幾千年間的實際氣候之間的相互關係。[4]問題是，互動模式預示世界應該正進入新的冰川期，但事實上並沒有出現這樣的情況。解決這個理論難題的一個方法是做這樣的假設：太陽雖然對地球有影響，但要克服地球氣候的慣性，因此冰川期要推遲幾千年到來。[5]如果這個假設成立，二氧化碳的溫室效應可以對太陽正在下降的熱量起到有益的抵消平衡作用。