用英語說中國史前文化的影響

　　學英語的方法有很多，可以根據自己的喜好，選著適合自己的一種方法，這樣才會有利於學習英語。小編在此獻上用英語說中國歷史的故事，希望大家喜歡。

　　用英語說中國史前文化：Majiayao Culture 馬家窯文化

　　Remains of this culture were first discovered in Majiayao Village, Lintao County, Gansu Province in 1923,

　　這種文化的殘骸1923年時在甘肅省臨洮縣馬家窯村被首次發現，

　　hence the name of Majiayao Culture.

　　因此被命名為馬家窯文化。

　　It is generally considered as a local branch of Yangshao Culture in the late period;

　　它通常被認為是仰韶文化末期的一個分支，

　　therefore it is also known as Yangshao Culture of Gansu.

　　所以同樣被稱為甘肅的仰韶文化。

　　It was centered around the West Plain of Gansu Province, stretching to the north of Gansu Province

　　它以甘肅省的西部平原為中心，延伸至甘肅省北部，

　　and the south of Ningxia Hui Minority Autonomous Region in the north,

　　它北至寧夏回族自治區的南部，

　　the southern part of Gansu Province and the north of Sichuan Province in the south,

　　南達甘肅省南部和四川省北部，

　　and reaching the Gansu Corridor and the northeast of Qinghai Province in the west

　　西至河西走廊和青海省的東北部，

　　and the east of Gansu Province in the east.

　　東達甘肅省東部。

　　More than 20 ruins have been unearthed.

　　超過20件遺蹟已被髮掘。

　　According to relevant researches, the culture was prosperous from 3300 B.C. to 2050 B.C.

　　根據相關研究，馬家窯文化興盛的時間為公元前3300年到公元前2050年。

　　Among the production implements the ancestors used in Majiayao Culture were stone or pottery sickles with one end shaped like a saw.

　　該文化的祖先使用的生產工具為石器或是一端呈鋸齒狀的陶製鐮刀。

　　About 20% -50% of the pottery was colored pottery, profusely painted.

　　大約20%到50%的陶器為彩陶，圖案豐富。

　　The economic activities were mainly based on agriculture.

　　經濟活動以農業為基礎。

　　Deer was the staple prey of hunting, but pigs, dogs, sheep were also raised.

　　鹿是人們主要的獵物，但是人們也養殖豬、狗和綿羊。

　　The handicraft industry included stoneware production, wood works, spinning and weaving, pottery production and so on.

　　手工業涵蓋石器製造業、木工、紡織、製陶業等等。

　　Art mainly took the form of colored pottery as well as man-like or animal-like pottery sculptures and pottery house models.

　　美術主要採用彩陶的形式，同時還有人形或動物形狀的陶器雕塑和陶製房屋模型。

　　Quite a number of types of pottery were carved with symbols, which some pieces of bone had breached for counting.

　　很大一部分種類的陶器被刻上了符號，其中的一些骨頭碎片被打破用於計算。

　　　用英語說中國史前文化：Huangdi Culture 黃帝文化

　　Huangdi is considered to be the founder of Chinese civilization as well as its first ancestor.

　　黃帝被認為是中國文明的創造者和始祖。

　　He lived about 4 thousand years ago, during the time of patriarchal clan community,

　　他生活在大約4000年前的父系氏族社會時期，

　　and was the mystical chief of one of the strongest tribes in the middle valley of the Yellow River.

　　是黃河流域最強大地部落之一的神祕首領。

　　During this period many tribes came to settle around the reach of Yellow River engaging in farming.

　　在這段時期，許多部落來到黃河沿岸安營紮寨，從事農業。

　　The different tribes clashed with each other over land disputes as each tribe sought to have more farmland.

　　因為每個部落都想要獲取更多的土地，不同部落之間會因為土地問題起衝突。

　　Since the constant warring caused much suffering to the people, Huangdi decided to put an end to this chaotic situation.

　　當接連不斷的戰爭使人民受苦受難時，黃帝決定終結這樣混亂的局面。

　　He worked out a moral code and trained his army.

　　他制定了一套道德準則並訓練了軍隊。

　　With his army, after warring 56 battles against other tribes,

　　他依靠自己的軍隊打敗了56個部落，

　　Huangdi conquered a wide area along the Yellow River and was made chief of the tribal union.

　　征服了黃河沿岸的一大片區域，成為了部落聯盟的首領。

　　Because his tribe honored the virtue of earth, he was given the title, Yellow Emperor,

　　因為他的部落尊敬黃土大帝，他就被成為“黃帝”，

　　after the yellow color of earth, the symbol of farming.

　　“黃帝”代表著大地的顏色，是農業的象徵。

　　As the Yellow Emperor，he is remembered as having done many great things.

　　作為黃帝，他因做了許多好事而被人銘記。

　　He coined bronze money, practiced medicine, invented boats, raised silk-worms and divided his realm into provinces.

　　他創造了銅錢、行醫、造船、養蠶，還將他的領土劃分區域。

　　The story goes that when Huangdi was 110 years old，a yellow dragon appears in the sky，summoning the emperor to heaven on behalf of the king of heaven.

　　傳說黃帝110歲時，天空中出現了一條黃色的龍，代表玉帝將黃帝召喚至天庭。

　　When the emperor riding on the back of the dragon is about to leave,

　　當黃帝騎上龍背準備離開時，

　　his subjects who were reluctant to let him go, drag him back by his clothes.

　　他的臣民不願意他離開，拖住他的衣服把他拽回。

　　However, all that was left were only part of the emperor's clothes and hat.

　　然而最終留下的僅僅是黃帝的衣衫和帽子。

　　In commemoration of Huangdi, his descendents buried his remains at Mt. Qiaoshan,

　　為了紀念黃帝，他的子孫後代將他留下的東西埋在了橋山，

　　where they built a mausoleum in honour of him, in present day Shanxi Province.

　　在那裡，也就是今天的陝西省，他們建造了陵墓來緬懷黃帝。

　　Tradition passes down from then that every year on the fifth day of the fourth lunar month the Qingming Festival, also known as the Festival of Pure Brightness

　　傳統自那時流傳，每年農曆的四月五日清明節，

　　Chinese people of Huangdi's origin, will remember him by coming to visit his mausoleum which has become the symbol of the Chinese nation.

　　中國人作為黃帝的子孫，通過參觀皇帝的陵墓來紀念他，而這已經成為了中華民族的一個象徵。

　　　用英語說中國史前文化：The Major Achievement of Prehistoric Culture 史前文化的主要成果

　　The major achievement of prehistoric culture could be seen in the emergence of the primitive agriculture.

　　史前文化的主要成果在於原始農業的出現。

　　In the north, Yangshao culture was mainly represented by the dry land agriculture,

　　在北方，仰韶文化主要以旱地農業為代表，

　　of which foxtail millet was the chief product;

　　在那裡粟是主要的農作物。

　　Hemudu culture in the south was represented by rice agriculture on wet land,

　　南方的河姆渡文化已在溼潤土壤上的水稻種植為代表，

　　of which rice was the chief product.

　　水稻在那裡是主要的農作物。

　　China is among the earliest countries in the world where foxtail millet and rice were grown.

　　中國是世界上最早種植粟和水稻的國家之一。

　　In the era of Longshan culture, the initial primitive characters came into being.

　　在龍山文化時期，最初的原始文字形成了。

　　The primitive graphic characters, carved on pots, have been found, for instance, in the Dinggong site in Boxing, Shandong Province, the Lingyang site in Ju county and Qianzhai site in Zhucheng.

　　被刻在壺上原始的圖形文字在例如位於山東博興的鼎公遺址、莒縣的凌陽遺址以及諸城的前寨遺址被發現。

　　These kinds of primitive characters were invented 800 years earlier than the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells unearthed in Yin Ruins.

　　這些型別的原始文字比在殷墟中發掘的甲骨文還要早出現800年。

　　Pottery----painted pottery and black pottery of the late Neolithic culture----is a kind of great invention.

　　陶器——彩陶和黑陶新石器時期是一項偉大的發明。

　　In the prehistoric culture, the painted pottery of Yangshao culture and the black pottery of Longshan culture were models of handicraft.

　　在史前文化中，仰韶文化的彩陶和龍山文化的黑陶是手工業的典範。

　　The technique of manufacturing pottery with wheels as tools was also applied to the production of the painted pottery.

　　用拉柸器製造陶器的技藝也被用於彩陶的製造。

　　The temperature in the sintering process reached between 950℃ and 1050℃.

　　燒製過程總的溫度能夠達到950至1050攝氏度。

　　The utensils painted on the surface in black, brown or red, or in a mixture of two colors,

　　用黑色、棕色或紅色又或是兩種顏色的混合繪製在表面的器皿，

　　were a combination for both practical and artistic uses.

　　是實際和藝術用途的結合。

　　The black pottery represented the most advanced level of handicraft industry in the prehistoric culture.

　　黑陶代表了史前時期手工業的最先程序度。

　　This tech was then adopted in the production of a variety of the black pottery in beautiful shapes.

　　這項技藝之後被採用到了許多具有美麗形狀的黑陶的生產中。

　　The pottery of eggshell, with its surface brightly pitch-black and the roughcast only 0.1 to 0.2 centimeter thick, is regarded, as the most exquisite artistic products of that time.

　　蛋殼陶藝被認為是那個時期最精巧的藝術製品，它的表面是明亮的漆黑色，毛柸僅有0.1至0.2釐米厚。