冠詞專題複習
有很多同學對語法不是很熟悉,小編今天給大家講講我們高考語法的重點,大家有需要的可以收藏起來看一看哦。
【考點一】不定冠詞a, an的用法
1.表示“某一個”,相當於some,譯為“一個”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please?——請告訴我去約翰遜家怎麼走?
—Sorry,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.
——對不起,這個村莊裡沒有一個叫約翰遜的人。
Each of the students wanted to be a live Lei Feng.
每位學生都想成為活雷鋒。
2.a+most表示“很”“非常”。
Qingdao is a most beautiful city.
青島是一個非常美麗的城市。
3.序數詞前一般加定冠詞the 表示順序,但序數詞前可加不定冠詞an,表示“另一個;又一個”。
Although he has failed twice,he would like to try a th ird time.
儘管他已經失敗了兩次,但他還想再試一次。
4.有些不可數名詞如knowledge,collection,understanding 等是由其動詞轉化而來,它們後面加of...時,前面需用不定冠詞a/an。
Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in ou r class.在我們班中,湯姆收集的書最多。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
許多人都持相同的看法,在當前國際貿易交往中,英語知識是必備的知識。
5.不定冠詞可用在形容詞的比較級、最高階與序數詞之前。“不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級+單數名詞”表示“更……的一個”;“不定冠詞+形容詞的最高階”無比較意義。
He went to the USA in search of a better life.
為了尋找更美好的生活他去了美國。
6.不定冠詞an用於有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。
The walk is expected to last all day,so bring a packed lunch.
這段路程預計要走一整天,所以帶一份盒裝午飯。
【經典考題】
1.2011?湖南十二校聯考If we expect ________much cleaner world,we should attract ________world’s attention to protecting the world.
A.a;a B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
解析: 考查冠詞。第一空為泛指,指“一個更加乾淨的世界”;第二空world 前通常用定冠詞。
答案: C
答案: B
2.First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get________second chance to make________first impression.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.a;a D.the;a
解析: 句意為:第一印象最持久。畢竟,你不會再有機會去形成第一印象。第一空後有second,在此表示再一次機會,而不是表順序,應用不定冠詞;第二空中的第一印象是泛指,也不是表示順序,又根據題幹可以判斷impression 在此處是可數名詞,可數名詞單數表泛指時須用不定冠詞,故選C項。
答案: C
3.2011?南京模擬We work together to achieve our common purpose:________world that is safer,cleaner and healthier than ________one we found.
A.the;the B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠詞;第二空後面由we found 限定,表特指,用定冠詞。
答案: C
【考點二】定冠詞the的用法
1.與某些可數名詞單數連用,表示一類人或事物。
The camel is a very useful animal in desert.
駱駝是沙漠中一種很有用的動物。
2.用在上文已出現過或說話雙方都熟悉的事物前,表示特指意義。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得開心嗎?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚會是在愉快的氣氛中進行的。
3.by+表示具體單位的名詞前要用定冠詞。
Surprisingly,in that bookstore,books are sold by the dozen.
真想不到,在那個書店裡書按打賣。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
在大城市裡,清潔工一般按小時計算薪水。
4.用在表示某世紀、年代、時期或朝代的名詞前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
在二十世紀九十年代五十多歲的人上大學進修是不罕見的。
【經典考題】
1. Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body.
A.a;/ B./;the
C.a;the D./;/
解析: 句意為:很多生活方式對身體健康是很有害的,實際上它們能加快體質變弱。do harm to...為固定短語,意為“對……有害”;第二空為特指的用法,即特指體質變弱,故用定冠詞 the。
答案: B
2.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space,about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth.
A.the;the B./;the
C.the;/ D.a;the
解析: 用法,類似用法還有in nature,in society 等;第二空表示地球,獨一無二的事物前須加定冠詞the,如the moon,the sun等,所以選B。
答案: B
3.2011?西城5月—What do you think about ________dress in the shop window?
—Oh,it’s beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________birthday present.
A.a;a B.the;a
C.a;the D.the;the
解析: 考查冠詞的用法。第一空表特指櫥窗裡的那一件,所以要用定冠詞the;第二空泛指一件禮物,所以要用不定冠詞。
答案: B
4.2011?陝西寶雞檢測二During the camp trip,children were fascinated by ________wonders of ________nature.
A./;/ B./;the
C.the;/ D.the;the
解析: 考查冠詞。第一空指在宿營中看到的那些大自然中的奇觀,應該用定冠詞表特指;第二空不用冠詞,因為nature,society和space 前常不帶任何冠詞。
答案: C
5.2011?煙臺四校聯考It is clear that ________little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________company.
A./;the B.a;the
C.a;/ D.the;a
解析: 考查冠詞。句意為:很顯然,這項發明帶給他的不多的錢很難支撐如此龐大的一個公司。此題的關鍵在於hardly 的暗示,說明錢不多或很少,用little 表示“少量的,不多的”,後面又有定語從句修飾,故其前應加定冠詞the;第二空處是so+adj.+a+可數名詞結構。
答案: D
【考點二】零冠詞的用法
1.系動詞turn 變成後的單數名詞作表語,用零冠詞。
Has he turned scientist?他成為科學家了嗎?
After graduation from college he turned teacher became a teacher.
大學畢業後,他成了一名教師。
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3.在獨立主格結構中的某一形式中。
The teacher came in,book in hand =with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book held in his hand.
老師進來了,手裡拿著一本書。
4.man 意為“人類”,word 意為“訊息”時,其前不用冠詞。
Air is to man what water is to fish.
人離不開空氣就像魚離不開水。
Word came that t he Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup.
訊息傳來說中國女足在世界盃獲得第二。
5.no 與such 連用時應放在such 之前,such後的名詞不用冠詞。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
村子裡從未發生過這種事。
【經典考題】
1. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu.
A./;a B./;the
C.the;a D.the;t he
解析: 句意為:來江蘇的遊客都對此印象頗深——為了一個嶄新的江蘇,來自各行各業的人都在努力工作著。people 為複數名詞,此處為泛指的用法,故第一空用零冠詞;一般地名前不用冠詞,但是如果前有形容詞修飾時,表示類指,前面要用不定冠詞。
答案: A
2.2011?江西六校聯考The driver was at________loss when ________word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A.a;the B./;/
C.the;the D.a;/
解析: 句意為:當由於超速駕車而被禁駕的訊息傳來時,那位司機感到不知所措。at a loss 為固定習語,意為:不知所措,困惑不解,虧本;word 作a piece of news,message 訊息,資訊講時,與零冠詞連用。又如:Please send me/leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely.請您把平安到達的訊息告訴我。Word came that he had been admitted to Qinghua university.訊息傳來說他被清華大學錄取了。
答案: D
3.2011?東北三校第一次聯考The chairman will be pleased at ________scene that everything is in ________place.
A.a;a B.the;the
C.the;/ D./;the
解析: 考查冠詞的用法。scene 後有定語從 句修飾,是特指;in place 表示“在正確的位置,準備妥當”,是固定搭配。
答案: C
代詞專題複習