英語語音基本知識

　　要想說好英語語音，就要有英語語音的一些基本知識。小編為大家整理了一些英語語言的基本知識，希望對大家學習英語有幫助。

　　1.關於語音的幾個概念

　　1字母：語言的書寫形式。母音字母a, e, iy, o, u,

　　2音標：詞的語音形式。

　　3音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。

　　4音節：由母音和子音構成的發音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand

　　5母音：發音響亮，是樂音;口腔中氣流不收阻礙;是構成音節的主要音。英語中有20母音。

　　6子音：發音不響亮，是噪音;口腔中氣流受到阻礙;不是構成音節的主要音。英語中有28子音。

　　7開音節：a 子音+母音+子音+e name bike ;b 子音+母音 he, go, hi

　　8閉音節：a 子音+母音+子音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b母音+子音it

　　9重讀音節：單詞中發音特別響亮的音節。

　　2. 母音：注意：下面空方括號是電腦無法輸入的音標

　　1[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

　　2[i] sit, build, miss, myth

　　3[e] bed, desk, head,

　　4[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp

　　5[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

　　6[ɔ] hot, want

　　7[ ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

　　8[u:] good, who, blue, soup,

　　9[u] look, put, women, could

　　10[Λ] cup, come, blood, rough

　　11[ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse

　　12[ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

　　13[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

　　14[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

　　15[әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

　　16[au] house, town

　　17[ɔi] boy, oil

　　18[iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

　　19[εә] pear, care, there, fair

　　20[uә] tour, poor,

　　3. 容易混淆的母音

　　1[e] [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

　　2[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

　　3[e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

　　4[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

　　5[au] [Λ] found fond; gown gone; down don

　　4. 子音

　　1[p] pen,

　　2[b] bed, comb

　　3[t] tell,

　　4[d], day, played, wanted

　　5[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

　　6[g] big, go, guess, language

　　7[m] man

　　8[n] nine, knife, autumn

　　9[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,

　　10[l] land, world

　　11[r] read, write,

　　12[f] five, cough, laugh

　　13[v] voice, of

　　14[θ] think,

　　15[ ð] this, bathe

　　16[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

　　17[z] zoo, close,

　　18[∫] sure, she, social, nation

　　19[/] pleasure,

　　20[h] hot, who, hour

　　21[w] wall, what, answer

　　22[j] yes

　　23[t∫] child, teach, catch

　　24[d/] joke, bridge,

　　25[ts] boats

　　26[dz] goods

　　27[tr] tree

　　28[dr] dream

　　5. 容易混淆的子音

　　1[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

　　2[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

　　3[z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

　　4[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

　　6. 讀音規則

　　1重讀音節見母音和子音的例句

　　2非重讀音節 [ә] banana, student, today, after,

　　[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

　　7. 特殊讀音

　　1音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

　　2失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

　　3音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?

　　8. 重音

　　1單詞重音

　　A雙音節詞

　　a一般在第一個音節重讀。letter, sorry

　　b有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等字首的詞，第二個音節是重音。

　　a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,

　　im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

　　c有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等字首的重音與詞義和詞類有關, 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節上，其它的詞性在第二個音節上。

　　'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

　　d有些複合詞和帶有字首 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個重音。

　　'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

　　B多音節詞

　　a一般倒數第三個音節是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

　　b有一些雙音節詞，加了字首和字尾成了多音節，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。

　　'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

　　c詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 字尾的詞，重音在這些字尾的前一個音節上。

　　cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

　　d詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 字尾的詞，重音在該字尾上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

　　2句子重音

　　A 英語的節奏：輕-輕-重-輕-輕或重-輕-輕輕重

　　B 英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數目決定的。

　　C 實詞重讀副詞重讀，虛詞輕讀冠詞，單音節介詞，單音節連詞，人稱代詞，反代詞，物主代詞，關係代詞，相互代詞，助動詞，情態動詞和系動詞be.

　　D 實詞不重讀的特殊情況

　　a 實詞第二次出現

　　He thinks of that as a child thinks.

　　b 一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾

　　I met her in the railway station.

　　c 代替詞

　　Which book do you want? The small one.

　　d 感嘆詞中的 what 和how

　　What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

　　e street 在專有名詞中

　　Wangfujing Street.

　　f this在這些短語中，this morning/afternoon/evening

　　E虛詞重讀的特殊情況

　　a 情態動詞，助動詞和系動詞be在句首，句尾和否定時。

　　Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.

　　I don't like you. He isn't a worker.

　　b 情態動詞表示可能，驚奇和肯定時。

　　They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

　　c 介詞在句首和句尾。

　　In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

　　d 引導複合句的連詞在句首。

　　If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.

　　e反身代詞表示強調。

　　He couldn't come himself.