有關教育的文章中英文對照

　　教育是完善人自身的一種方式。教育對人的完善，就是實現人的內在超越和外在超越的統一。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　1

　　美國紀念布朗案廢除學校種族隔離六十週年

　　Sixty years ago this month, the highest court in the United States changed American education. On May 17, 1954, all nine judges of the Supreme Court ruled against racial separation in public schools. The court says such segregation in schools violates the United States constitution.

　　60年前的這個月，美國最高法院改變了美國教育。1954年5月17日，最高法院的九名法官否決了公立學校的種族隔離。最高法院稱，學校的這類隔離違反了美國憲法。

　　Many school systems had separate schools for white students and black students at the time of the ruling. The system was the result of a court ruling from 1896 that decision had permitted so called "separate but equal" schools. Some schools had only white children, others had only black children.

　　在判決的那個年代，許多學校系統都有分別面向白人學生和黑人學生的學校。該體系源於1896年一家法院的判決，該判決允許學校中所謂的“隔離但平等”原則。當時一些學校只有白人兒童，另一些則只有黑人兒童。

　　About sixty years later, the case Brown vs the Board of Education came before the Supreme Court. It involved five separate legal actions, but it centered on an African-American child from the state of Kansas.

　　大約60年之後，布朗狀告美國教育委員會一案走進了最高法院。該案涉及五個獨立的法律行為，但都聚焦於堪薩斯州的一位非裔美國人的孩子。

　　Linda Brown lived just short distance from a school, but she was forced to travel across town to a black school because the school near her permitted only white students.

　　琳達?布朗當時住得離一所學校不遠，但她被迫穿過市中心到一所黑人學校上學，因為她家附近的學校只接收白人學生。

　　Aderson Francois teaches law at Howard University in Washington D.C. He says the case ended official racial separation in the United States.

　　艾德爾森?弗朗索瓦在華盛頓特區的霍華德大學教法律。他說，這起案子結束了美國的官方種族隔離。

　　"Brown essentially ended American apartheid... if by that we mean the process by which the government officially classifies people by race," said Francois.

　　弗朗索瓦說：“布朗一案基本結束了美國的種族隔離，如果我們說的是政府官方按種族劃分的過程的話。”

　　But Mr. Francois criticized the ruling because it did not set a time limit by which segregation had to end. As a result, some segregated schools in the south did not obey the Supreme Court ruling until the 1960s. Even today, many schools are still effectively segregated.

　　但弗朗索瓦對該判決提出了批評，因為它並未設定種族隔離必須結束的時間限制。其結果就是，一直到二十世紀六十年代，美國南方的一些種族隔離學校都不服從最高法院的判決。即使是在今天，許多學校仍然有效地隔離。

　　In 2012, the Civil Rights Project at the University of California studied racial populations in schools. The study showed that many schools are less racially mixed than forty years ago. The study says social and economic issues are partly to blame. It also says some court cases have weakened enforcement of desegregation.

　　2012年，加州大學的民權專案研究了學校的種族群體。該研究表明，和40年前相比，很多學校的種族融合更差。該研究稱，社會和經濟問題是部分原因。它還表示，一些法院案件削弱了廢除種族隔離的執法。

　　That does not surprise education activist Jeanette Taylor. She came to Washington recently with other activists. They urged officials to act to stop putting more money into mainly white schools than those with many minority students.

　　這點並未讓教育活動家珍妮特?泰勒感到奇怪。她最近和其他活動家來到了華盛頓，敦促官員們採取行動，停止把更多資金投入到白人為主的學校，而不是少數族群的學校。

　　"So we're here today to tell them to stop pushing bad policies," said Taylor.

　　泰勒說：“所以我們今天來到這裡，告訴他們要停止推行不好的政策。”

　　Jitu Brown is with the Journey for Justice Alliance. He says separation based on race still exists. And he criticizes a recent Supreme Court decision, it ruled that the state of Michigan can bar public colleges and universities from considering a person's race when they decide whom to admit. Education officials say the number of African-American students has decreased at schools in states with similar bans.

　　布朗就職於正義聯盟之旅。他說基於種族的隔離仍然存在。他還批評最高法院最近判決密歇根州禁止公立大專院校在錄取學生時考慮其種族。教育官員說，在有著類似禁令的一些州，非洲裔學生人數有所下降。

　　2

　　每個孩子都需要一個冠軍

　　have spent my entire life either at the schoolhouse, on the way to the schoolhouse, or talking about what happens in the schoolhouse. Both my parents were educators, my maternal grandparents were educators, and for the past 40 years I've done the same thing. And so, needless to say, over those years I've had a chance to look at education reform from a lot of perspectives. Some of those reforms have been good. Some of them have been not so good. And we know why kids drop out. We know why kids don't learn. It's either poverty, low attendance, negative peer influences. We know why. But one of the things that we never discuss or we rarely discuss is the value and importance of human connection, relationships.

　　我這輩子，要麼是在學校，要麼在去學校的路上， 要麼是在討論學校裡發生了什麼事。 我的父母都是教育家， 我的外祖父母也都是搞教育的， 過去40年我也在從事同樣的事業。 所以，很顯然，過去的這些年裡， 我有機會從各個角度 審視教育改革。 一些改革是有成效的。 而另一些卻收效甚微。 我們知道孩子們為什麼掉隊輟學。 我們知道孩子們為什麼學不下去。 原因無非是貧窮，低出席率， 同齡人的壞影響。我們知道為什麼。 但是我們從未討論 或者極少討論的是 人和人之間的那種聯絡的價值和重要性， 這就是“關係”。

　　James Comer says that no significant learning can occur without a significant relationship. George Washington Carver says all learning is understanding relationships. Everyone in this room has been affected by a teacher or an adult. For years, I have watched people teach. I have looked at the best and I've look at some of the worst.

　　James Comer 美國著名兒童精神科醫師說過 ，沒有強有力的聯絡，學習就不會有顯著的進步。 George Washington Carver美國著名教育學家說過，學習就是理解各種關係。 在座的各位都曾經被一位老師 或者一個成年人影響過。 這麼多年，我都在看人們怎麼教學。 我看過最好的也看過最差的。

　　A colleague said to me one time, "They don't pay me to like the kids. They pay me to teach a lesson. The kids should learn it. I should teach it. They should learn it. Case closed."

　　一次有個同事跟我說， “我的職責不是喜歡那些孩子們。 我的職責是教書。 孩子們就該去學。 我管教課，他們管學習。就是這麼個理兒。”

　　Well, I said to her, "You know, kids don't learn from people they don't like."

　　然後，我就跟她說， “你知道，孩子們可不跟他們討厭的人學習。”

　　Laughter Applause

　　笑聲掌聲

　　She said, "That's just a bunch of hooey."

　　她接著說，“一派胡言。”

　　And I said to her, "Well, your year is going to be long and arduous, dear."

　　然後我對她說，“那麼，親愛的，你這一年會變得 十分漫長和痛苦。”

　　Needless to say it was. Some people think that you can either have it in you to build a relationship or you don't. I think Stephen Covey had the right idea. He said you ought to just throw in a few simple things, like seeking first to understand as opposed to being understood, simple things like apologizing. You ever thought about that? Tell a kid you're sorry, they're in shock.

　　事實也果真如此。有些人認為 一個人或者天生可以建立一種關係 或者不具有這種能力。 我認為Stephen Covey美國教育家是對的。 他說你只需要做一些簡單的事情， 比如試著首先理解他人，而不是想要被理解， 比如道歉。 你想過嗎? 跟一個孩子說你很對不起，他們都驚呆了。

　　I taught a lesson once on ratios. I'm not real good with math, but I was working on it. And I got back and looked at that teacher edition. I'd taught the whole lesson wrong. Laughter

　　我有一次講比例。 我數學不是很好，但是我當時在教數學。 然後我下了課，翻教師用書。 我完全教錯了。笑聲

　　So I came back to class the next day, and I said, "Look, guys, I need to apologize. I taught the whole lesson wrong. I'm so sorry."

　　所以我第二天回到班上說， “同學們，我要道歉。 我昨天的課都教錯了。我非常抱歉。”

　　They said, "That's okay, Ms. Pierson. You were so excited, we just let you go." Laughter Applause

　　他們說，“沒關係，Pierson老師。 你當時教得非常投入，我們就讓你繼續了。” 笑聲掌聲

　　I have had classes that were so low, so academically deficient that I cried. I wondered, how am I going to take this group in nine months from where they are to where they need to be? And it was difficult. It was awfully hard. How do I raise the self-esteem of a child and his academic achievement at the same time?

　　我曾經教過程度非常低的班級， 學術素養差到我都哭了。 我當時就想，我怎麼能在9個月之內 把這些孩子 提升到他們必須具備的水平? 這真的很難，太艱難了。 我怎麼能讓一個孩子重拾自信的同時 他在學術上也有進步?

　　One year I came up with a bright idea. I told all my students, "You were chosen to be in my class because I am the best teacher and you are the best students, they put us all together so we could show everybody else how to do it."

　　有一年我有了一個非常好的主意。 我告訴我的學生們， “你們進了我的班級，因為我是最好的老師，而你們是最好的學生， 他們把我們放在一起來給其他人做個好榜樣。”

　　One of the students said, "Really?" Laughter

　　一個學生說，“真的嗎?” 笑聲

　　I said, "Really. We have to show the other classes how to do it, so when we walk down the hall, people will notice us, so you can't make noise. You just have to strut." And I gave them a saying to say: "I am somebody. I was somebody when I came. I'll be a better somebody when I leave. I am powerful, and I am strong. I deserve the education that I get here. I have things to do, people to impress, and places to go."

　　我說，“當然是真的。我們要給其他班級做個榜樣， 當我們走在樓道里， 因為大家都會注意到我們，我們不能吵鬧。 大家要昂首闊步。” 我還給了他們一個口號：“我是個人物。 我來的時候是個人物。 我畢業的時候會變成一個更好的人物。 我很有力，很強大。 我值得在這裡受教育。 我有很多事情要做，我要讓人們記住我， 我要去很多地方。”

　　And they said, "Yeah!"

　　然後他們說：“是啊!”

　　You say it long enough, it starts to be a part of you.

　　如果你長時間的這麼說， 它就會開始變成事實。

　　And so — Applause I gave a quiz, 20 questions. A student missed 18. I put a "+2" on his paper and a big smiley face.

　　所以 - 掌聲 我做了一個小測驗，20道題。 一個孩子錯了18道。 我在他了卷子上寫了個“+2”和一個大的笑臉。

　　He said, "Ms. Pierson, is this an F?"

　　他說，“Pierson老師，這是不及格嗎?”

　　I said, "Yes."

　　我說，“是的。”

　　He said, "Then why'd you put a smiley face?"

　　他接著說，“那你為什麼給我一個笑臉?”

　　I said, "Because you're on a roll. You got two right. You didn't miss them all." I said, "And when we review this, won't you do better?"

　　我說，“因為你正漸入佳境。 你沒有全錯，還對了兩個。” 我說，“我們複習這些題的時候， 難道你不會做得更好嗎?”

　　He said, "Yes, ma'am, I can do better."

　　他說，“是的，老師。我可以做得更好。”

　　You see, "-18" sucks all the life out of you. "+2" said, "I ain't all bad." Laughter Applause

　　大家看，“-18”讓人感覺想死。 “+2”意味著，“我沒有那麼糟。” 笑聲掌聲

　　For years I watched my mother take the time at recess to review, go on home visits in the afternoon, buy combs and brushes and peanut butter and crackers to put in her desk drawer for kids that needed to eat, and a washcloth and some soap for the kids who didn't smell so good. See, it's hard to teach kids who stink. And kids can be cruel. And so she kept those things in her desk, and years later, after she retired, I watched some of those same kids come through and say to her, "You know, Ms. Walker, you made a difference in my life. You made it work for me. You made me feel like I was somebody, when I knew, at the bottom, I wasn't. And I want you to just see what I've become."

　　好多年了，我看著我媽媽利用課間休息時間批改作業， 下午去家訪， 買梳子、刷子、花生醬和餅乾，把他們放在自己的抽屜裡給那些餓了的孩子們吃， 還有為那些髒孩子們準備了一條毛巾和一些肥皂。 看吧，教那些發臭的孩子是困難的一件事。 而孩子們有時也是比較“殘忍”的。 所以她把這些東西都放在她的抽屜裡， 然後過了很多年，在她退休以後， 我看到一些當年的孩子們回來告訴她， “您知道，Walker老師， 您改變了我的生活。 您讓它有了意義。 您讓我覺得我是個人物， 雖說在心底我知道我不是。 我就是想讓您看看我現在成為了個什麼樣的人。”

　　And when my mama died two years ago at 92, there were so many former students at her funeral, it brought tears to my eyes, not because she was gone, but because she left a legacy of relationships that could never disappear.

　　當我媽媽兩年前以92歲高齡去世的時候， 有好多好多的以前的學生來參加了她的葬禮， 我哭了，不是因為她去世了， 而是因為她留下了這些永遠不會消失的各種聯絡。

　　Can we stand to have more relationships? Absolutely. Will you like all your children? Of course not. And you know your toughest kids are never absent. Laughter Never. You won't like them all, and the tough ones show up for a reason. It's the connection. It's the relationships. And while you won't like them all, the key is, they can never, ever know it. So teachers become great actors and great actresses, and we come to work when we don't feel like it, and we're listening to policy that doesn't make sense, and we teach anyway. We teach anyway, because that's what we do.

　　我們真的可以有更多的關係嗎?當然可以。 你會喜歡你所有的學生嗎?當然不。 你也知道那些最難搞的孩子總是很難甩掉。 笑聲 永遠不會。你不會喜歡每一個人， 然而難搞的那幾個的出現也是有理由的。 這就是聯絡，是關係。 當你不會喜歡他們每一個人的時候， 關鍵就是他們永遠也不會知道這一點。 所以老師們變成偉大的演員， 我們得強迫自己工作， 我們得聽從那些毫無道理的政策， 我們還得上課。 我們還得上課，因為這是我們的責任。

　　Teaching and learning should bring joy. How powerful would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a champion? Every child deserves a champion, an adult who will never give up on them, who understands the power of connection, and insists that they become the best that they can possibly be.

　　教學和學習應該是讓人愉快的事情。 我們的世界會變得多麼的強大 如果我們的孩子都不害怕接受挑戰， 不害怕思考， 都贏得了一個冠軍? 每個孩子都可以成為一個冠軍， 一個成年人要永遠不放棄他們， 懂得聯絡的強大力量， 堅信他們可以變成那個最好的自己。

　　Is this job tough? You betcha. Oh God, you betcha. But it is not impossible. We can do this. We're educators. We're born to make a difference.

　　這個職業很艱鉅不?當然。上帝，毫無疑問。 但是這不是不可能的。 我們可以的，因為我們是教育家。 我們天生就是重塑他人的。

　　Thank you so much.

　　非常感謝大家。

　　Applause

　　3

　　美國應屆畢業生就業面臨四大挑戰

　　Graduating college students face a mixed job market at best this year, and most will leave school without an offer in hand, despite an uptick in hiring by on-campus recruiters.

　　對於即將在今年畢業的美國大學生而言，他們面臨的是一個充其量只能說是喜憂參半的就業市場。儘管進校園招聘的企業的招聘人數有所上升，大多數畢業生仍將無所斬獲離開學校。

　　A survey of employers by the National Association of Colleges and Employers showed those that recruit on campuses plan to boost hiring of new grads by 10.2% from last year. However, on-campus recruiting is only a small slice of the pie -- the bulk of graduates find jobs on their own.

　　Associated Press全美高校與僱主協會National Association of Colleges and Employers對招聘企業展開的一項調查顯示，參與校園招聘的企業今年的應屆畢業生計劃招聘人數比去年增加了10.2%。然而，校園招聘只佔就業市場很小一部分，大多數畢業生還是得自己走出校園找工作。

　　In a study to be released Thursday, the John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development at Rutgers University found that recent graduates are taking awhile to find work. Only 49% of graduates from the classes of 2009 to 2011 had found a full-time job within a year of finishing school, compared with 73% for students who graduated in the three years prior.

　　羅格斯大學Rutgers University約翰•黑爾德里希人力發展中心John J. Heldrich Center for Workforce Development在上週釋出的研究報告中指出，新近畢業的大學生要花不少時間才能找到工作。在2009年至2011年期間畢業的大學生中，只有49%的人在畢業一年內找到全職工作，2006至2008年期間畢業的大學生的這一比例為73%。

　　Overall, the unemployment rate among 20- to 24-year-olds with bachelor's degrees was % in April, compared with 8.1% for the overall population, according to the Labor Department.

　　根據美國勞工部Labor Department公佈的資料，總體說來，4月份美國擁有學士學位的20歲至24歲年輕人的失業率為%，而總人口的失業率為8.1%。

　　Experts say four broad issues will make it tougher for today's graduates to launch their careers and succeed over the long run.

　　就業問題專家稱，當今的畢業生若要開啟職業生涯並在未來獲得成功更加艱難，他們將要面臨四大挑戰。

　　FIRST, the job market is still far from booming: March and April's disappointing job numbers -- employers added only 154,000 and 115,000 jobs, respectively, compared with an average gain of about 250,000 in the previous three months -- suggest the recovery remains fragile. The downbeat news echoes a pattern in the past two years, when much-heralded economic 'green shoots' early in the year failed to blossom into sustained improvement.

　　首先，就業市場還遠遠算不上繁榮。3月份和4月份的就業資料均令人失望，分別只增加了154,000個和115,000個工作崗位，而之前三個月平均每月約增加250,000個崗位，這表明經濟復甦依然疲軟。這個讓人沮喪的訊息與過去兩年的模式頗為相似──年初大舉宣揚的經濟復甦苗頭最終未能進一步發展為持續的改善。

　　On the positive side, Americans are quitting their jobs in higher numbers, leaving behind openings for which new graduates can apply. In February, the last month for which data are available, two million people gave notice, according to the Labor Department. While still historically low, it is the highest number of resignations since November 2008. That churn -- the natural turnover that occurs as workers quit or retire -- is a sign of slowly improving economic confidence and good news for new grads and all unemployed people.

　　積極的一面是，美國的辭職人數也有所增加，騰出的職位空缺可供新近畢業的大學生申請。據美國勞工部的資料顯示，在2月份有資料可查的最後一個月，美國有200萬人提出了辭職申請。雖然該資料依舊處於歷史低點，卻是2008年11月以來的最高值。人員流失率因員工辭職或退休出現的人員的自然流動上升是經濟信心逐步緩慢回升的一個跡象，對剛畢業的大學生以及所有失業者來說都是個好訊息。

　　SECOND, the class of 2012 faces tougher competition thanks to what Carl Van Horn, director of the Heldrich Center, calls 'the recession hangover.' Young adults who graduated into the dire labor market of 2008 and 2009 and have been out of work or underemployed since are applying for the same jobs as new grads are. The same goes for earlier grads who were laid off during the recession. Those job candidates, many of whom likely have more experience than new grads, may have an edge, Mr. Van Horn says.

　　其次，受到約翰·黑爾德里希人力發展中心主任卡爾•範霍恩Carl Van Horn所稱的“衰退後遺症”的影響，2012年畢業的學生面臨著更加殘酷的就業競爭。一方面，畢業於2008年和2009年、一直未就業或者未充分就業的年輕人會與今年的應屆畢業生競爭相同崗位;另一方面，早前畢業但在經濟衰退期被解僱的人也會加入競爭。範霍恩稱，這些求職者可能比應屆畢業生更有優勢，因為他們當中許多人的工作經驗更豐富。

　　In a better position might be those seniors who took advantage of on-campus recruitment programs. Lauren Martinez, 22 years old, will graduate from Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn., on Saturday with an entry-level consulting job in hand. Competition during recruiting season felt 'hard but not terrible,' says Ms. Martinez, who received two job offers. Her friends who are graduating without full-time jobs, she adds, have mostly lined up volunteer work, internships and temporary research positions while they continue to search for permanent work.

　　境遇好些的可能是那些通過校園招聘得償所願的畢業班學生。現年22歲的勞倫•馬丁內茲Lauren Martinez上週六剛從明尼蘇達州聖保羅的馬卡萊斯特學院Macalester College畢業，她即將從事一份初級的諮詢工作。她說求職季的競爭“艱難但並不可怕”，最終她獲得了兩個工作機會。她還說，那些畢業沒找到全職工作的朋友大多數找到了志願者工作、實習工作以及臨時性的研究工作，同時他們也在繼續尋找固定工作。

　　THIRD, a debt burden looms. Two-thirds of students from the class of 2010, the latest figures available, graduated with student loans, with an average tab of $25,250 -- up 5% from the previous year -- according to The Institute for College Access & Success, an independent group that promotes higher education affordability.

　　再次，債務負擔也是一大隱患。據美國大學入學及成功協會The Institute for College Access & Success的資料顯示，2010年有最新資料可查的一年畢業的學生中，有三分之二的人在畢業時揹負著助學貸款，平均負債額為25,250美元，較上一年上升了5%。該協會是一家旨在提高高等教育可承受度的獨立機構。

　　Tuition isn't getting any cheaper, so loan figures are expected to be even higher for the current crop of graduates. That means a greater share of any starting salaries they receive would go to repaying lenders, rather than to rent, furnishings or a down-payment fund for a house, delaying financial independence for many young adults.

　　如今的大學學費一點也不比以前便宜，因此當前這批畢業生的欠款額可能還會更高。這意味著他們初期獲得的薪水將用於償還貸款，而不是用來付房租、買傢俱或是支付房子的首付款，這使得許多年輕人財政獨立的時間向後推遲。

　　LAST, even when new graduates do find jobs, their starting salaries tend to be lower than those for their counterparts who graduated a decade earlier, adjusted for inflation. With a lower base pay, research shows they may never catch up.

　　最後，即使新近畢業的學生找到了工作，他們的起薪經通脹因素調整後往往會比10年前的畢業生低。研究顯示，由於基本工資更低，他們也許永遠也趕不上以前畢業生的水平。

　　According to the Economic Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank, entry-level, college-educated men age 23-29 earned an average $21.68 an hour in 2011, an inflation-adjust drop of 7.6% from 2000. For women, the corresponding figure fell 6%, to $18.80. Men and women both earn just a bit more than they did in 1989, when measured in 2011 dollars.

　　據美國左傾智庫經濟政策研究所Economic Policy Institute的資料顯示，在2011年，受過大學教育、從事初級工作的23歲至29歲男性的平均時薪為21.68美元，經通脹因素調整後比2000年降低了7.6%;同樣條件的女性的這一資料下降了6%至18.80美元。按照美元在2011年的購買力水平衡量，這些人的工資只比高出些許。

　　Many students nonetheless express optimism, though perhaps that is simply the Lake Wobegon effect: They might believe they're all above-average after years of positive reinforcement from their parents. In the same vein, they may see themselves as exceptions to the rules of the job market.

　　許多學生還是表現出樂觀態度，儘管這可能只是烏比岡湖效應Lake Wobegon effect，注：指人們對於自身的性格和能力等抱有不切實際的樂觀態度的體現──他們可能是認為自己經過父母多年的積極培養後比普通人優秀。出於同樣的道理，他們可能也認為自己能夠免受就業市場規律的影響。