優秀英語小短文及翻譯

　　英語是國際經濟、技術、資訊等交流中應用最廣泛的語言，也是我國基礎教育中最主要的外語課程。小編整理了，歡迎閱讀!

　　：即將來臨的醫保危機

　　The Impendent Crisis of Health Care System

　　Cripping health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.

　　日益上漲的醫保費用，急診室內長時間的等待，初級保健醫生的短缺，這些都只是患者日常面臨的一小部分問題。

　　Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.

　　初級保健應該是整個醫保制度的支柱。在談到健康狀況和醫療費用時，初級保健資源完善的國家情況令人滿意。美國卻反其道而行，重視專門醫生而非初級保健醫生。

　　A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries***老年醫保受惠人***. The startling finding was that the average Medicate patient saw a total of seven doctors - two primary care physicians and five specialists - in a given year.

　　最近，一項研究對負責老年醫保受惠人的醫生進行了調查分析。令人驚訝的發現是，每個受惠人每年平均看的醫生多達七位——兩個初級保健醫生和五個專科醫生。

　　Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you doesn't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.

　　與人們普遍的想法相反，照顧你的醫生越多並不能證明醫療保健的效果越好。事實上，醫保越分散，醫療費用會越高，醫療錯誤也越多。

　　How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed***返還費用***. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures.

　　為什麼我們如此不重視初級保健呢?問題的關鍵在於醫生的收費制度。大多數醫生，無論何時，只要他們給人看病就可以收取費用。醫生出診的次數越多，無論醫療效果如何，他們獲得的費用也會越多。另外，醫生在收費時，在很大程度上是按看診過程或手術內容進行的。

　　A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.

　　一個專業醫生看診30分鐘收取的費用是一個初級保健醫生同樣時間問診費用的3倍。考慮到以上原因，再加之政府每年隨意削減醫生診費，醫生們別無他法，只能靠增加問診次數來提高收入。

　　Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.

　　不願只求數量而忽視醫療效果的初級保健醫生或者關門歇業，或者棄醫從商，使初級保健的狀況進一步惡化。

　　Medical students aren't blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.

　　醫科專業的學生並非沒有意識到這一情況，他們認識到費用返還制度對初級醫保極其不利。最近的資料顯示，自1997年以來，美國醫科畢業生選擇初級保健作為職業的人數已下降50%。這一趨勢導致急診室內人滿為患，醫生短缺。

　　：About Criminal Justice System

　　關於刑事公正體系

　　I'm interested in the criminal justice system of our country. It seems to me that somethinghas to be done if we are to survive as a country. I certainly don't know what the answers toour problems are. Things certainly get complicated in a hurry when you get into them. But Iwonder if something couldn't be done to deal with some of these problems.

　　我對我國的刑事公正感興趣。對於我而言，我們國家生存下去就必須做些事。我當然不知道問題的答案。當你深入瞭解以後，問題自然會變得複雜。但是，我在想處理其中的一些問題時，是否有些事不能做。

　　One thing I'm concerned about is our pratice of putting offenders in jail who haven't harmedanyone. Why not work out some system whereby they can pay back the debts they owe societyinstead of incurring another debt by going to prison, and of course, coming under the inflluenceof hardened criminals.

　　我考慮的事情之一是我們把一些罪犯關進監獄，但他們並沒有傷害任何人。為什麼不制定出一些體系，他們可以藉此償還欠社會的債，而不是由於被關進監獄，受到那些強硬的犯罪分子的影響而對社會欠下其他的債務。

　　I'm also concerned about the short prison sentences people are serving for serious crimes. Ofcourse, one alternative to this is to restore capital punishment, but I'm not sure I would befor that. I'm not sure it's right to take an eye for eye. The alternative to capital punishment islonger sentences, but they would certainly cost the tax payers much money.

　　我還關心那些被判短期徒刑卻犯有重罪的人們。當然，選擇之一是恢復死刑，但是我不確定是否會支援該做法。我不坑定以牙還牙是否正確。代替死刑的另一選擇是長期徒刑，但是這無疑將花去納稅人更多的錢。

　　I also think we must do something about the insanity plea. In my opinion, anyone who takesanother person's life intentionally is insane; however, that does not mean that the personisn't guilty of the crime, or that he shouldn't pay society the debt he owes. It's sad, of course,that a person may have to spend rest of his life, or a large part of it in prison for acts that hecommitted while not in full control of his mind.

　　我還認為我們應該為無罪辯護做些什麼。在我看來，任何人故意奪走別人的生命都是瘋狂的;然而，這並不意味著這個人沒有犯罪，或者說他不應該向社會償還他所欠的債。當然，一個人要為他在意識失控的情況下所犯的罪在監獄中度過餘生或生命中的大部分時光是令人難過的。

　　：每個小姑娘都得是公主嗎?

　　Must Every Little Girl Be the Princess?

　　Even though women continue to advance in American society, many little girls still get stuck in aworld of fairytale princesses and frilly pink dresses. That does not sit well with journalist PeggyOrenstein, who mused about her young daughter's obsession with Disney princesses andpredilection for the color pink in a New York Times Magazine essay.

　　在美國社會，雖然婦女們繼續取得進步，可是小姑娘們仍然很容易迷戀於童話裡的公主和粉紅百褶裙。新聞記者佩姬·歐倫史坦不喜歡這種現狀，她在紐約時報雜誌一篇文章裡探討了她小女兒對迪斯尼童話中公主的迷戀和對粉紅色的偏愛。

　　She reflects on the overwhelming emphasis on this stereotyped ideal for girls in a new book, "Cinderella Ate My daughter." Orenstein is at war with what she describes as our hyper-feminized girlie-girl consumer culture.

　　她在一本名為《灰姑娘吃掉了我女兒》的新書中，探討人們為什麼那麼強調女孩兒這種程式化了的幻想。歐倫史坦在跟她所說的過度女性化的嬌嬌女女孩消費文化開戰。

　　"What is marketed to girls is this idea of pink and pretty. It fuses the idea of appearance withinnocence,she and then presents the interest in appearance as being evidence of theirinnocence," she says.

　　她說：“向女孩推銷的是這個粉紅和可愛的觀念，一種天真無邪的樣子。於是女孩兒們就去追求一種證明她們天真的外貌。”

　　"But what's happening is that girls are emphasizing the way they look more and more. So,we're talking about makeup and provocative dresses and all of that kind of things."

　　“結果是，女孩們越來越看重自己的相貌。所以，我們就在談論化妝和具有挑逗性的服飾，諸如此類的東西。”

　　"The American Psychological Association put out a report a couple of years ago that said that anearly over-emphasis on appearance and play-sexiness can create a vulnerability in girls tothe sorts of issues that we as parents worry about such as negative body image, eatingdisorders, depression and poor sexual choices," she says.

　　她說：“美國心理學會兩三年前公佈過一份報告說，早期過分強調相貌和性感容易使女孩在我們家長擔心的那種事情上受到了傷害，比如對身體的負面看法、飲食絮亂、憂鬱和性行為方面糟糕的選擇。”

　　"The American Academy of Pediatrics just put out a warning to tis member physicians to bemore on guard for signs of eating disorders in children under 12 because they've been on therise and under diagnosed."

　　“美國兒科學會剛剛對會員醫生髮出一個警告，要他們注意12歲以下孩子飲食絮亂的現象，因為這種情況有上升趨勢，但卻很少被診斷出來。”

　　When girls define themselves by how they appear to others rather than by how they feelinternally, Orenstein says, it sets them up for disappointment.

　　歐倫史坦指出，當女孩們以她們在別人眼中相貌如何而不是以他們內心如何感受來定義自己的時候，她們會因為失望而不安。

　　At the same time, Orenstein also says parents have the power to raise healthy, self-confidentdaughters. They can provide positive alternatives that counter the influence of the media tobuy certain products and look a certain way.

　　同時，歐倫史坦也認為，家長們是有能力培養出健康、自信的女兒的。他們能夠提供正面的東西，來反制鼓動人們買某些產品和裝扮成某種樣子的媒體影響。

　　"It's not good enough just to say ‘no’ to the things coming at you. You have to find otherthings that are out there that you can say ‘yes’to, that are fun and joyfully connect yourdaughter to being a girl, that can broaden and enhance and create options for your daughterand how she defines herself as a girl."

　　她說：“向衝著你來的東西說‘不’是不夠的。你還得找到你可以說‘是’的東西來，即那些有趣而且能把你的女兒愉快地跟做女孩聯絡起來的東西，讓她有更多更好的選擇。”