英語語法名詞性從句知識
英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼,尤其是名詞性從句方面的知識。以下是由小編整理關於的內容,希望大家喜歡!
***一***
用來充作賓語的句子叫做賓語從句。如:
He asked what you were doing last night. 他問你昨天夜晚在幹什麼。
I didn’t know that he was wounded in the accident. 我原來不知道他在那事故中受了傷。
Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday? 你能解釋上週星期日他為什麼沒有來參加聚會嗎?
在賓語從句中須注意:
1. that 在口語中常被省略,但在正式的文體中,不能省;並且它一般不能引導介詞的賓語從句,但可引導except, but, in 等少數介詞的賓語從句。如:
I didn’t know ***that*** he was Li Lei. 我不知道他就是李蕾。
I will do anything I can to help you except that I’m ill. 只要我身體舒服,我願做任何事情來幫助你。
2. 賓語從句之後帶有補足語成分時,一般須用it作形式賓語,把賓語從句放到句末,此時的that不能省。如:
The boy has made it clear that they can’t play with his toys. 那個男孩已清楚的表明他們不能玩弄他的玩具。
3. 動詞advise, ask, demand, desire, insist***堅決主張***, order, propose, request, suggest***建議***等代的賓語從句須用虛擬語氣,即:***should*** do的形式。
He asked that we ***should*** get there before nine o’clock. 他要求我們在九點鐘之前趕到那兒。
The teacher advised us that we ***should*** not waste our time. 老師勸告我們不要浪費時間了。
4. 賓語從句的時態與主句的時態須呼應。
1***當主句謂語動詞的時態是現在時或將來時,從句的謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時態表示。如:
He always says that he is our good friend. 他總是說他是我們的好朋友。
When the teacher knows what we have done, he will say that we have done a good deed. 當老師知道我們所幹的事情時,他會說我們做了一件好事。
2***當主句謂語動詞的時態為過去時,從句的謂語動詞須用響應的過去時。如:
He didn’t tell us he came from Shanghai. 他沒有告訴我們他來自上海。
He said he had read the book. 他說他讀過這本書。
3***但當從句的內容是客觀真理或客觀事實,而不受時間的限制時,即使主句謂語動詞為過去時,從句仍用一般現在時。如
Chairman Mao said that all the imperialists are paper tigers. 毛主席說一切帝國主義者都是紙老虎。
When we were children, we were told that China is in the east of the world. 我們還是小孩子的時候,人們就告訴我們說中國在世界的東方。
***二***
引導賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略:
1. 賓語從句前有插入語。如:
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反,我們希望他和我們呆在家裡。
2. 有間接賓語時。如:
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。
3. that在與之並列的另一個賓語從句之後。如:
He said ***that*** the book was very interesting and that***不省略*** all the children like to read it.他說那本書很有趣,所有小孩都喜歡讀。
4. 在“it***形式賓語***+補語”之後時。如:
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認為他有必要留在這裡。
5. that從句單獨回答問題時。如:
—What did he hear? 他聽說了什麼事?
—That Kate had passed the exam. ***他聽說***凱特考試及格了。
6. 在except等介詞後。如:
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽菸太多之外,沒有什麼特別的毛病。
7. 位於句首時。如:
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我們隊會贏。
8. 在較為正式或不常用的動詞***如reply, object***後。如:
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答說他不同意。
***三***
在複合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句,包括作主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。
***1***主語從句
就是在複合句中作主語的從句。主語從句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever等引導。如:
Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否來還是問題。
That China is a great socialist country is well known. 眾所周知,中國是一個偉大的社會主義國家。
注:為避免頭重腳輕,使句子平衡,常用it作形式主語,而將主語從句後置。如上述第二例常說成:
It is well known that China is a great socialist country.
但是,由連線代詞what, whatever, whoever等引導的主語從句一般不能用形式主語。如:
What he found surprised me greatly. 他的發現使我非常吃驚。
Whoever is finished may rest. 凡是做完工的人都可以休息。
***2***表語從句
就是在連繫動詞之後作表語的從句。引導表語從句的連線除與引導主語從句的連線詞外,還有as if, as though。如:
The question is whether he is able to do it alone. 問題是他能否單獨做這件事。
It looks as if ***though*** it is going to snow. 天好像要下雪似的。
注意:要區分以下句式:
1. that’s why+結果;that’s because+原因。2. the reason why /for…is that…
He is absent. That’s because he is ill. 他缺席,這是因為他生病了。
He is ill. That’s why he is absent. 他病了,這就是他缺席的原因。
The reason why he is absent is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他生病了。
***3***賓語從句
就是在複合句中作賓語的從句。引導這賓語從句的連線詞與引導主語從句的連線詞基本相同。如:
They didn’t say which they wanted. 他們沒有說他們想要哪一個。
I am sure ***that*** no harm will ever come to you. 我肯定你永遠不會受傷害。
I was surprised at what has happened.我對發生的事感到驚訝。
注意:當think, believe, suppose等的疑問式後面跟連線代詞或連線副詞引導的賓語從句時,習慣這些連線詞置於句首,即“連線代/副詞+do you think /believe /expect+賓語從句的其餘部分?”如:
Who do you think is the best player this year? 你認為今年誰是最佳運動員?
What do you suppose you will do after school? 你想放學後幹什麼?
***4***同位語從句
就是在句中作同位語的從句。它通常有放在thought, idea, news, word***=news***, plan, doubt, question, fact, suggestion, belief等抽象名詞的後面,說明這些詞的具體內容或含義。同位語從句大多由that引導,也可由whether, how, when, where, why等引導,但不能由which引導。如:
The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. “地球是圓的”這種觀點並不新鮮。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必須回答他是否同意此事這們一問題。
I have no idea when he will set out. 我不知他什麼時候出發。
注:有時,同位語從句並不緊跟在它所說明的詞的後面。如:
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 真相終於大白了,他原來是一隻披羊皮的狼。
天津高考英語閱讀強化訓練附答案