英語語法虛擬語氣講解

　　英語語法有詞類也有句型，我們現在來看看虛擬語氣的用法。下面是小編給大家整理的，供大家參閱!

　　：if only後的句子用虛擬語氣

　　if only 與 I wish一樣，也用於表示與事實相反的願望，其後所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish 後所接時態的情況相同：

　　If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

　　If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。

　　If only he didn't drive so fast. 但願他車沒開得那麼快。

　　If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我長得漂亮些就好了。

　　If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是當時聽了父母的話就好了。

　　If only she would go with me! 她要是願意和我一道去就好了!

　　【友情提示】if only 通常獨立使用，沒有主句。

　　：would rather後的句子用虛擬語氣

　　would rather後接句子時，句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣，具體用法為：

　　1.一般過去時表示現在或將來的願望

　　I'd rather you went tomorrow now. 我寧願你明天現在去。

　　I'd rather you came next Saturday. 我寧願你下星期六來。

　　I'd rather you were happy. 我願你快樂。

　　I'd rather she sat next to me. 我寧願她挨著我坐。

　　I'd rather Jack left on an earlier train. 我寧願傑克乘前一班火車走。

　　You always go without me and l'd rather you didn't. 你總是不帶我去，我可不願意你這樣。

　　“Shall I open the window? ” “I'd rather you didn't. ”“我要不要把窗子開啟? ” “我看不要開啟好。”

　　2. 用過去完成時表過去的願望

　　I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你沒有這樣說過。

　　I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我寧願你沒這樣做。

　　l'd rather you had been / hadn't been present。我 寧 願你當時在場 / 不在場。

　　l'd rather he had told / hadn't told me about it 我 寧 願他告訴了 / 未告訴我這件事。

　　Katie went by car and I'd rather she hadn't. 凱蒂是坐汽車去的，我寧願地不坐汽車去。

　　：虛擬語氣用在條件狀語從句中

　　虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，表示所說的話不是一個事實，而只是一種假設，願望，建議，懷疑，猜測或不大可能實現的空想。

　　I.虛擬語氣用在條件狀語從句中

　　虛擬語氣用在條件狀語從句中，通常從句由連詞if 引導。

　　1.與現在事實相反的虛擬條件句

　　條件狀語從句主句

　　If +主語 +動詞過去式主語+ would, should, could, might+原形動詞

　　be的過去式用were

　　例如：

　　If I feared death, I wouldn't be a communist.

　　劉胡蘭怕死就不做共產黨員。

　　If there were no air, we couldn't live.

　　如果沒有空氣，我們就不能生活。

　　Example:

　　I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.

　　A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

　　I _____ it to him if I thought he would understand.

　　A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain

　　2.與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句

　　構成

　　條件狀語從句主句

　　If + 主語 + 動詞過去完成式主語 + would, should, could, might+have + 過去分詞

　　例如：

　　If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.

　　如果你早來幾分鐘，你就會碰上他。

　　If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate.

　　如果試管中沒有空氣，實驗結果就會更精確。

　　Example:

　　If you hadn't gone with Tom to the party last night, _______.

　　A. you would meet John already

　　B. you won't have missed John

　　C. you will have met John

　　D. you would have met John

　　3.與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句

　　構成

　　條件狀語從句主句

　　If + 主語+ should +原形動詞主語+would,should,could,might或were+不定式+原形動詞

　　例如：

　　If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.

　　假如他明天會來，事情就容易辦了。

　　If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy.

　　如果沙子能被分解，它會釋放出大量的能量。

　　注：在表示與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句中，從句中的should有時可以省略。如：

　　If he make the design, he might do it in some other way.

　　要是他來搞這個設計，他可能用另外的方法設計。

　　Example:

　　If the sea ____ to rise 50 feet, India would become an island.

　　A. will B. is C. was D. were

　　If you ____ to see Mary, what would you tell her?

　　A. are B. will be going C. must D. were

　　We might still catch the train if we ___.

　　A. make hurry B. haste

　　C. make haste D. hastily

　　4.錯綜時間的虛擬語氣

　　在一些含有虛擬語氣的句子中，如果主句與從句的謂語表示不同的時間，虛擬語氣可有不同形式，即主句與從句各自按自己的時間構成虛擬形式。例如：

　　If I had met him before, I could recognize him.要是我以前遇見過他，我就能認出他了。

　　從句表示與過去事實相反，主句表示與現在或將來事實相反

　　If we were driving at a speed of 100 Li an hour, we would have arrived there 2 hours ago. 如果我們的行車速度每小時100裡，兩小時以前我們就會到達那裡了。

　　從句與現在事實相反，主句與過去事實相反

　　Example:

　　If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.

　　A. haven't watched

　　B. didn't watch

　　C. hadn't watched

　　D. wouldn't have watched

　　5.省略連詞if

　　在條件狀語從句中，如果有were, should, had，可以把連詞if 省去，把 were, should, had 放在句首，構成條件意義。例如：

　　Should it rain tomorrow, what would you do? 萬一明天下雨，你怎麼辦?

　　Were there no friction, we could not walk. 要是沒有摩擦力，我們就不能行走。

　　Had we known about the new method, we should have applied it earlier.

　　如果我們過去知道這種新方法，我們早就應用了。

　　Example:

　　Had Alice been more hardworking, she _______.

　　A. had not failed B. would not fail

　　C. could not be failed D. would not have failed

　　_______ today, he would get there by Friday.

　　A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

　　C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

　　______ difficulties, we would be successful.

　　A. Should we overcome B. Would we overcome

　　C. Might we overcome D. Could we overcome

　　6.虛擬結構中省略主句或從句

　　虛擬結構中有時可省去主句或從句，並不影響意義的完整。

　　1省去條件從句

　　That would be fine. 那太好了。省去了if you would come 或類似條件

　　I wouldn't pass up the chance to visit China. 我不會放棄訪問中國的機會。

　　We might have produced more coal. 我們可能生產出更多煤炭。

　　注：省略條件句，在試題中很少見到。

　　2省去主句，常用以表示願望。從句謂語多用過去時或過去完成時。

　　If only she were here. 假如她在這兒該多好啊!

　　If only he lived! 假如他活著該多好啊!

　　If only I had known it before. 如果我早先知道這件事，那就好了。

　　Example:

　　If only it _____! but it is too late.

　　A. is avoided B. has avoided

　　C. could be avoided D. can be avoided

　　If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!

　　A. is working B. worked

　　C. works D. has worked

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