英語四級閱讀理解訓練和答案

　　下面是小編整理的，希望對大家有幫助。

　　When she graduates from Columbia University next year with a master's degree in Public

　　health, Eric Wheeler is hoping to get a job in international reproductive***生殖*** health. The

　　26-year-old post-graduate has always wanted to work in public service. But public service

　　doesn't pay much, and her two-year program at Columbia costs about $50,000 a year with

　　living expenses. She has a scholarship from Columbia that covers just $4,000 a year and has

　　taken out loans to pay for the rest. She worries that she will spend years paying back her student

　　loans and not have money left over to put away in an IRA. Wheeler is wondering what she can

　　do to ease the pain of being in debt. Is there anything she can do to handle the debt?

　　The good news is that in 2007, Congress recognized that there were so many students in

　　Wheeler's position that it passed the College Cost Reduction and Access Act. There were two

　　programs established by this act that Wheeler should look into.

　　The first is the income-based repayment plan, which allows lower-income graduates with a

　　lot of debt to reduce their monthly payments. Depending on a graduate's income and level of

　　debt, the program, which goes into effect July 1, could limit his or her annual educational loan

　　debt repayment to 15 percent of discretionary income***可隨意支配的收入***,said Peter Mazareas,

　　vice charman of the College Saving Foundation.

　　The second is the public service loan forgiveness plan, in which the federal government will

　　forgive the remaining debt of borrowers who make 10-year loan payment while working full time

　　in public-service jobs. But the graduate must have a certain loan which is listed in the plan.

　　Depending on the level of debt Wheeler ends up with and how much she repays over 10 years,

　　Mazareas said she could end up with about $75,000 of her debt forgiven. " Tipically, it is projected

　　that a borrower who performs public service under this program will repay only about one-fourth

　　to one-half as much money as a borrower who does not", he said. He also pointed out that public

　　service is broadly defined and includes any government and nonprofit organization job.

　　1. How much debt will Erin Wheeler be probably in when she graduate?

　　A. $ 8,000

　　B.$ 50,000

　　C. $75,000

　　D. $92,000

　　2. Which of the following is true about the College Reduction and Access Act?

　　A. The programs in the act take effect in 2008.

　　B.The act aims to help college students who are in debt.

　　C.There are two helpful programs in the act.

　　D. The graduates who work in public service benefit the most.

　　3. How can people benefit from the first plan mentioned in the passage?

　　A. The interest of the debt will be lowered.

　　B. The total amount of debt could be reduced.

　　C. The income tax will be cut down.

　　D.People will have more time to pay back the debt.

　　4. Why does the author say Erin wheeler should look into the second plan in the act?

　　A. Because she will be heavily in debt upon graduation.

　　B.Because she will have a master degree.

　　C. Because she plans to work in public service.

　　D. Because she has borrowed money from the federal government.

　　5. What's the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The total expense in American universities is too high.

　　B. There are a lot of different programs to help students pay their tution.

　　C. The US government encourages students to choose public service jobs.

　　D.The federal government is trying to relieve graduates from heavy debt.

　　1-5: DBDCD

　　1. D推理判斷題。由題幹中的in debt定位到第一段第三、四句。此處說，她每年連生活費總共的開 銷是5萬美元，她需要兩年的時間拿到碩士學位，也就是說一共需要10萬美元。每年她的獎學金 有4千美元，去掉後總共還餘9.2方美元。文章說，這部分錢她都是通過貸款還支付的，也就是說 她欠債共達9. 2方臭元。故D為正確答案。

　　2. B事實細節題。由題幹中的the College Cost Reduction and Access Act定位到第二段第一句。本 句說因為國會意識到有很多學生的處境和惠勒一樣，才會通過這個法案。由第一段的描述可 知，惠?正處在負債讀書的處境。因此B“法案旨在幫助那些負債的學生”為正確答案。第三段提 到法案在7月i曰生效，應該是2007年，M以排除A;文章提到了法案中的兩個方案，但並不能說 法案中就只有兩個方案，故排除C;同祥，文章說從事公共服務行業的畢業生可以享受很大幅度的 貸款減免，但並不能就下結論說從事公共服務行業的學生受益最大，故排除D。

　　3. D事實細節題-由題幹中的the first plan定位到第三段。本段說:方案允許低收入而且負債高的 學生降低每月還款的額度。並且把每月的還款額降低到個人可支配收入的15%之內。這樣，借貸 人每個月的還款額度減小了，但同時也意味著還款時間延長了。因此D為正確答案。文章沒有提 到貸款利息和收入稅是否降低，故排除A和C;而總數減免是第二個方案的計劃，故排除B。

　　4. C事實細節題。由題幹中的the second plan定位到第四段。第二個方案中，政府對從事公共服務 行業的畢業生給予了大幅度的減免，而文章第一段第一句又提到了惠勒打算從事公共服務性行業 的工作。因此C“她打算從事公共服務性行業的工作”正確。A“負債高，，是第一個方案的照顧條件， 故排除;第四段在介紹第二個方案的內容時，沒有提到碩士學位這一要求，排除B;文章第一段只說 惠勒借了貸款，沒有說貸款是否是政府提供，故排除D。

　　5. D主旨大意題。文章自第二段起，就在介紹美國國會在2007年通過的《降低大學學費和擴大人學 機會法案》，因此文章的主要內容是D“聯邦政府正在努力地減輕大學畢業生的負債壓力”。雖然第 一段以惠勒為例說明大學費用很高，但這是為了引出下文中的法案。本文的主要內容不是A“美國 大學學費很高”，故排除;文章只提到了學生通過獲取獎學金和貸款來支付學費，與B中的“很多方 案”不符，而且學生支付學費的途徑也不是文章的主要內容，故排除在文章中提到了兩個方案 中，只有第四段中的第二個方案與公共性服務行業有關，因此不能說c“美國政府鼓勵畢業生從事公共性服務行業”為全文的主要內容，故排除。

　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Junk food is everywhere. We're eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we're doing andyet we do it anyway.

　　So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lessonfrom alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?

　　"Many policy measures to control obesity ***肥胖症*** assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more accessto healthier foods," note the two researchers.

　　"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people makerational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance - like food - ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems."

　　The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied tojunk foods. Among them:

　　Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but areallotted ***分配*** based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.

　　Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. Sowhy not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? Andwhy not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?

　　Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cashregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. Atsupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen. Onecould remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.

　　注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答

　　56. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?

　　A*** Guiding people to make rational choices about food.

　　B*** Enhancing people's awareness of their own health.

　　C*** Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.

　　D*** Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.

　　57. What does the author say about junk food?

　　A*** People should be educated not to eat too much.

　　B*** It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.

　　C*** Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.

　　D*** It causes more harm than is generally realized.

　　58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?

　　A*** They should be implemented effectively.

　　B*** They provide misleading information.

　　C*** They are based on wrong assumptions.

　　D*** They help people make rational choices.

　　59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?

　　A*** Few people are able to resist alcohol's temptations.

　　B*** There are already too many stores selling alcohol.

　　C*** Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.

　　D*** Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.

　　60. What is the purpose of California's rule about alcohol display in gas stations?

　　A*** To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.

　　B*** To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.

　　C*** To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.

　　D*** To get alcohol out of drivers' immediate sight.

　　56. C. They love what they do and choose not to retire.

　　57. A. Neither of them is subject to forced retirement.

　　58. D. Working at an advanced age lengthens people's life.

　　59. C. It is a compensation for one's life-long hard work.

　　60. D. They prevent young people from getting ahead.

　　【點評】

　　本文出自Newsweek的文章‘Nevertirees’: Elderly Americans Who Refuse to Retire。Newsweek是美國知名媒體，歷年四六級考試中，不少閱讀文章選自於此。建議考生平時經常瀏覽這類外國主流網站，熟悉英語國家人士的行文表達習慣，以便做閱讀時胸有成竹。

　　本篇閱讀涉及的是美國的新興社會現象——老年人不願退休。文章談論了一群老人，他們年富力強時在事業上成就斐然，甚至到了古稀之年，對工作依舊熱情不減。這種現象一方面體現出人們對待退休的態度有所轉變; 另一方面，該現象也遭來了批判之聲：老年人佔著工作崗位，給年輕一代職業生涯設下了障礙。

　　文章本身話題比較新穎，詞彙及語篇理解方面的難度不大。但不少答案定位點都需要考生具有較強的英文理解力。五道題目中，只有第三題考查的是細節推斷，其餘四題均考查細節歸納。由此可見，該篇閱讀重點考查獲取目標資訊的能力。考生必須在有限的時間內，迅速過濾掉無關資訊，定位於目標資訊***即考題答案所在位置***，結合上下文，作出正確判斷。總的來說，考生須在平時多讀英語原版文章，熟悉英語文章的構架、表達，才能在考場遊刃有餘。