自考英語二複習資料之第三章
General 更新 2024年11月26日
Learn new words and phrases
1. weaken: v 削弱、減弱，字根：weak: a 虛弱的
構詞形式：adj/n + en或en + adj/n = v
Shorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tighten etc.
2. nationwide: a 全國範圍的，通過該詞我們可以得到：worldwide:全世界範圍的，regionwide, etc.
3.legal: a 合法的，反義詞：illegal,不合法的；legalize: v 使…合法化。
The Netherlands became the first country to legalize euthanasia.
1***. The police can ensure the witness from danger.
2***. We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.
5. oppose: v 反對、對抗；名詞：opposition , 形容詞：opposed
1***. What he said was totally opposed to the facts.
6. tradition: n 傳統，由此可以聯想到：
traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反義詞為：modern
1***. _____ Chinese medicine is believed to be effective for many diseases.
2***. It's important to keep up the fine ____ of plain living and hard work.
3***. Christmas is ____ a holiday for a family to get together.
Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally
7. consideration: n 考慮、體諒、照顧，由此可以聯想到：
Consider: v 考慮；considerate: a 體諒的，be considerate of; considerable: a 相當多的。請練習一下：
1***. Losing 30 pounds changed her appearance _____.
2***. It is very ____ of you to send me a birthday card.
3***. The matter is receiving the serious ____ of the manager.
4***. He left behind him a ____ amount of debt.
Answers: considerably, considerate, consideration, considerable
8. disabled: a 殘疾的，傷殘的，由此可以聯想到：
able: a 有能力的；be able to do sth; unable: a 沒有能力的；enable: v 使人能夠enable sb to do sth; ability: n 能力；disable: v 使人殘疾
1***. As long as they are physically ____, they tend to live on their own.
2***. The _____ to be clearly heard is extremely important for any speaker.
3***. I'd like to go to the cinema, but I'm _____ to.
4***. Education should ____ every student to develop morally, intellectually and physically.
5***. A car accident ____ him from playing football.
6***. Special care should be given to the ______.
Answers: able, ability, unable, enable, disabled***v***, disabled***a***
9. prohibition: n 禁止、禁令，prohibit: v prohibit sb from doing sth;
10. sensitive: a 敏感的， be sensitive to sb/sth; 同根詞：sensible: a 明智的，be sensible of sth
1***. I am sensitive to your criticism.
2***. It's sensible of you to make such a decision.
Analyze the important sentences among the text
1. Affected with a serious disease, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. ***p2***
譯：因患有嚴重的疾病，Van Wendel再也不能清楚地講話了，他知道他已經沒有康復的可能，其病情正在迅速惡化。
句子分析：Affected with a serious disease是過去分詞短語做原因狀語，可以改寫成原因狀語從句：because he was affected with a serious disease, ….另外，there was no hope of recovery和that his condition was rapidly deteriorating都是動詞knew的賓語。片語：be affected with sth患有…疾病。如：
All the cows in the farm are affected with mad-cow disease.
hope of recovery:康復的希望。
2. Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and showed on TV last year in the Netherlands. ***p3***
譯：Van Wendel在他的醫生給她進行最後結束生命的那一陣之前的後三個月的生活被拍成了電影並於去年在荷蘭的電視上首次播映。
句子分析：該句的主語較長，were之前均是。其中，核心名詞Van Wendel's last three months of life，後面的before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor是動名詞的被動語態做定語。film這裡當動詞用，拍電影。
3. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. ***p3***
譯：這個節目此後被二十個國家所購買。每次放映，都引起一場關於這個主題的全國性的大討論。
句子分析：這是一個常考句子。考點一：since: adv 從那以後；考點二：each time是名詞作時間狀語，前面不用介詞；考點三：debate on sth關於…的討論。
4. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. ***p4***
譯：然而，在荷蘭議會兩年前提出的議案的指導原則下執行安樂死的醫生，通常是不會被起訴的。
句子分析：該句核心內容有三點：carry out …實施，執行；under…guidelines在…原則下，under是按照，根據的意思；introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago是過去分詞短語做定語，修飾guidelines。
5. Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? ***p5***
譯：醫生應該被允許去結束他人的性命嗎？
句子分析：該句中主要核心內容是：情態動詞的被動語態。情態動詞+be+動詞過去分詞。如：In hot days, flowers must be watered every day.
6. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. ***p8***
譯：C.S是國家收容所委員會的主席和收容運動的發起人，認為安樂死並沒有考慮到照顧臨終病人有多種方式。
句子分析：主語Cicely Saunders，President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement是主語的同位語，謂語後面是一個賓語從句，而其中又包括一個小的賓語從句。重要片語：take sth into account = take sth into consideration將…考慮在內。如：when judging his performance, don't take his age into account. 另一個片語：care for關心某人。
7. It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. ***p8***
譯：這很容易使老人們，殘疾人和依靠別人生存的人感覺到他們是負擔，因此應該選擇離開人世。
句子分析：該句it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out。另外還請注意：the elderly, the disabled and the dependent是屬於：the + adj 所構成的固定表達方式，相當於elderly people, disabled people and dependent peoole,是複數概念，因此若作主語句子的謂語動詞應用複數形式。如：
In our country, the old are taken good care of by the young.
片語：opt out選擇放棄。如：I think I'll opt out the game.
8. What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. ***p9***
譯：那些反對安樂死的人是在告訴我們將死的人們沒有這種權利。
句子分析：乍一看，這是一個簡單句子，但若仔細分析，你會發現，這是一環套一環的結構。句子主體結構應是：What those people are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.
主語是一個主語從句，What those people are telling me； 表語是一個表語從句：that dying people haven't the right.另外，who oppose euthanasia是定語，修飾those people; 請注意下列幾個詞的用法：oppose: v 反對； dying people即將死去的人們；have the right to do sth有權力去做某事。
9. But there are situations where death is a friend. ***p9***
譯：但是在一種情況下死亡是朋友。
句子分析：該句唯一的考點為：where; 此時它引導定語從句，相當於in which. 關於定語從句的關係詞選擇的問題，主要取決於先行詞在從句中所作成分，請對比：
1***. The house ¬¬which he bought last year is very big.
2***. The house where he was born is very old now.
3***. The house whose windows face south is very big.
10. The film showing Cees Van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive;… his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. ***p10***
譯：顯示CVW之死的電影既感人又敏感，他妻子的心裡只有丈夫的利益。
句子分析：這是一句曾出現於國考中的句子。考點：showing Cees Van Wendel's death。
是現在分詞短語做定語，修飾the film; 片語：have sth at heart:對…十分關心，將…放在心上。 He is selfish, and he has nothing but his own interest at heart.
中國近代史第四章課後思考題參考答案
有關哲學家或哲學派別的命題
1. weaken: v 削弱、減弱，字根：weak: a 虛弱的
構詞形式：adj/n + en或en + adj/n = v
Shorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tighten etc.
2. nationwide: a 全國範圍的，通過該詞我們可以得到：worldwide:全世界範圍的，regionwide, etc.
3.legal: a 合法的，反義詞：illegal,不合法的；legalize: v 使…合法化。
The Netherlands became the first country to legalize euthanasia.
1***. The police can ensure the witness from danger.
2***. We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.
5. oppose: v 反對、對抗；名詞：opposition , 形容詞：opposed
1***. What he said was totally opposed to the facts.
6. tradition: n 傳統，由此可以聯想到：
traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反義詞為：modern
1***. _____ Chinese medicine is believed to be effective for many diseases.
2***. It's important to keep up the fine ____ of plain living and hard work.
3***. Christmas is ____ a holiday for a family to get together.
Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally
7. consideration: n 考慮、體諒、照顧，由此可以聯想到：
Consider: v 考慮；considerate: a 體諒的，be considerate of; considerable: a 相當多的。請練習一下：
1***. Losing 30 pounds changed her appearance _____.
2***. It is very ____ of you to send me a birthday card.
3***. The matter is receiving the serious ____ of the manager.
4***. He left behind him a ____ amount of debt.
Answers: considerably, considerate, consideration, considerable
8. disabled: a 殘疾的，傷殘的，由此可以聯想到：
able: a 有能力的；be able to do sth; unable: a 沒有能力的；enable: v 使人能夠enable sb to do sth; ability: n 能力；disable: v 使人殘疾
1***. As long as they are physically ____, they tend to live on their own.
2***. The _____ to be clearly heard is extremely important for any speaker.
3***. I'd like to go to the cinema, but I'm _____ to.
4***. Education should ____ every student to develop morally, intellectually and physically.
5***. A car accident ____ him from playing football.
6***. Special care should be given to the ______.
Answers: able, ability, unable, enable, disabled***v***, disabled***a***
9. prohibition: n 禁止、禁令，prohibit: v prohibit sb from doing sth;
10. sensitive: a 敏感的， be sensitive to sb/sth; 同根詞：sensible: a 明智的，be sensible of sth
1***. I am sensitive to your criticism.
2***. It's sensible of you to make such a decision.
Analyze the important sentences among the text
1. Affected with a serious disease, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. ***p2***
譯：因患有嚴重的疾病，Van Wendel再也不能清楚地講話了，他知道他已經沒有康復的可能，其病情正在迅速惡化。
句子分析：Affected with a serious disease是過去分詞短語做原因狀語，可以改寫成原因狀語從句：because he was affected with a serious disease, ….另外，there was no hope of recovery和that his condition was rapidly deteriorating都是動詞knew的賓語。片語：be affected with sth患有…疾病。如：
All the cows in the farm are affected with mad-cow disease.
hope of recovery:康復的希望。
2. Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and showed on TV last year in the Netherlands. ***p3***
譯：Van Wendel在他的醫生給她進行最後結束生命的那一陣之前的後三個月的生活被拍成了電影並於去年在荷蘭的電視上首次播映。
句子分析：該句的主語較長，were之前均是。其中，核心名詞Van Wendel's last three months of life，後面的before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor是動名詞的被動語態做定語。film這裡當動詞用，拍電影。
3. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. ***p3***
譯：這個節目此後被二十個國家所購買。每次放映，都引起一場關於這個主題的全國性的大討論。
句子分析：這是一個常考句子。考點一：since: adv 從那以後；考點二：each time是名詞作時間狀語，前面不用介詞；考點三：debate on sth關於…的討論。
4. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. ***p4***
譯：然而，在荷蘭議會兩年前提出的議案的指導原則下執行安樂死的醫生，通常是不會被起訴的。
句子分析：該句核心內容有三點：carry out …實施，執行；under…guidelines在…原則下，under是按照，根據的意思；introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago是過去分詞短語做定語，修飾guidelines。
5. Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? ***p5***
譯：醫生應該被允許去結束他人的性命嗎？
句子分析：該句中主要核心內容是：情態動詞的被動語態。情態動詞+be+動詞過去分詞。如：In hot days, flowers must be watered every day.
6. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. ***p8***
譯：C.S是國家收容所委員會的主席和收容運動的發起人，認為安樂死並沒有考慮到照顧臨終病人有多種方式。
句子分析：主語Cicely Saunders，President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement是主語的同位語，謂語後面是一個賓語從句，而其中又包括一個小的賓語從句。重要片語：take sth into account = take sth into consideration將…考慮在內。如：when judging his performance, don't take his age into account. 另一個片語：care for關心某人。
7. It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. ***p8***
譯：這很容易使老人們，殘疾人和依靠別人生存的人感覺到他們是負擔，因此應該選擇離開人世。
句子分析：該句it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式，to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out。另外還請注意：the elderly, the disabled and the dependent是屬於：the + adj 所構成的固定表達方式，相當於elderly people, disabled people and dependent peoole,是複數概念，因此若作主語句子的謂語動詞應用複數形式。如：
In our country, the old are taken good care of by the young.
片語：opt out選擇放棄。如：I think I'll opt out the game.
8. What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. ***p9***
譯：那些反對安樂死的人是在告訴我們將死的人們沒有這種權利。
句子分析：乍一看，這是一個簡單句子，但若仔細分析，你會發現，這是一環套一環的結構。句子主體結構應是：What those people are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.
主語是一個主語從句，What those people are telling me； 表語是一個表語從句：that dying people haven't the right.另外，who oppose euthanasia是定語，修飾those people; 請注意下列幾個詞的用法：oppose: v 反對； dying people即將死去的人們；have the right to do sth有權力去做某事。
9. But there are situations where death is a friend. ***p9***
譯：但是在一種情況下死亡是朋友。
句子分析：該句唯一的考點為：where; 此時它引導定語從句，相當於in which. 關於定語從句的關係詞選擇的問題，主要取決於先行詞在從句中所作成分，請對比：
1***. The house ¬¬which he bought last year is very big.
2***. The house where he was born is very old now.
3***. The house whose windows face south is very big.
10. The film showing Cees Van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive;… his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. ***p10***
譯：顯示CVW之死的電影既感人又敏感，他妻子的心裡只有丈夫的利益。
句子分析：這是一句曾出現於國考中的句子。考點：showing Cees Van Wendel's death。
是現在分詞短語做定語，修飾the film; 片語：have sth at heart:對…十分關心，將…放在心上。 He is selfish, and he has nothing but his own interest at heart.
有關哲學家或哲學派別的命題