小學英語語法知識點歸納

　　小學生們正是開始吸收知識的時候，在小學學英語的時候最好能夠掌握好的語法，為以後的英語學習打下良好的基礎。

　　1.人稱代詞

　　主格： I we you she he it they

　　賓格： me us you her him it them

　　形容詞性物主代詞：my our your her his its their

　　名詞性物主代詞： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

　　2.形容詞和副詞的比較

　　***1*** 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er

　　older ,taller, longer, stronger

　　***2*** 多音節詞前+more

　　more interesting, etc.

　　***3*** 雙寫最後一個字母，再+er

　　bigger fatter, etc.

　　***4*** 把y變i，再+er

　　heavier, earlier

　　***5*** 不規則變化：

　　well-better, much/many-more, etc.

　　3.可數詞的複數形式

　　Most nouns + s abook –books

　　Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

　　Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

　　Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

　　Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

　　4.不可數名詞***單複數不變***

　　bread, rice, water ,juice等。

　　5.縮略形式

　　I’m= I a， you’re = you are， she’s= she is， he’s = he is

　　it’s= it is， who’s =who is， can’t =can not， isn’t=is not等。

　　6.a/an

　　a book, a peach

　　an egg， an hour

　　7.Preposition

　　on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.

　　表示時間： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

　　on Monday， on 15th July， On National Day

　　in the evening， in December， in winter

　　8.基數詞和序數詞

　　one – first， two-second，twenty-twentieth

　　I have some toys in my bedroom.

　　Do you have any brothers or sisters?

　　10.be動詞

　　***1*** Basic form: am/are/is

　　***2*** 肯定和否定句 I am***not*** from London.

　　My eyes are***not*** small.

　　My hair is***not*** long.

　　***3***一般疑問句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

　　Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they aren’t.

　　Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isn’t.

　　11.there be結構

　　肯定句：There is a …

　　Thereare …

　　一般疑問句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

　　Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

　　否定句： There isn’t ….

　　Therearen’t….

　　12.祈使句

　　Sit down please

　　Don’tsit down, please.

　　13.現在進行時

　　通常用“now”.

　　形式： be + verb +ing

　　eg: I am***not*** doing my homework.

　　You/We/They are***not*** reading.

　　He/She/It is***not*** eating.

　　動詞—ing 的形式

　　Most verbs +ing walk—walking

　　Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

　　Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

　　14.一般現在時

　　通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。

　　肯定句：

　　I go to school on foot every day.

　　She goes to school on foot every day.

　　一般疑問句:

　　Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

　　Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

　　否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays.

　　My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening.

　　15.情態動詞

　　can,must, should後面直接用動詞原形。

　　eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.

　　2.You should keep quiet in the library.

　　16.一般過去時態

　　***a*** be 動詞的過去式:

　　I/He/she/it was***not***…. You/we/they were….

　　一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。

　　***b*** 動詞過去式：

　　肯定句： I watched cartoons.

　　She visited the zoo.

　　一般疑問句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

　　Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidn’t.

　　否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday.

　　He didn’t make model ships last week.

　　***3***動詞過去式的變化：

　　規則動詞的變化：

　　Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。

　　Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。

　　Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied

　　Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant --stopped

　　不規則動詞的變化：

　　is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,

　　eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等

　　17.Wh-"questions"

　　What are you doing?

　　What colour is it?

　　What time is it?/ What’s the time?

　　Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?

　　Who’sthe man with a big nose?

　　Whose bag is it?

　　When is your birthday?

　　Where is my ball pen?

　　Why do you like summer?

　　How many books are there in the school bag?

　　How old is the young man?

　　How much is the toy bear?

　　How do you go to school every day?

　　1、一般現在時

　　A、表示不受時限的客觀存在如：He is a boy. She is a student.

　　My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.

　　B、表示現在的習慣動作，即指現在經常發生的動作，一般現在時常用來表示現在時間裡某種動作的經常性和習慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，

　　如：often***經常*** , usually***通常，一般*** , sometimes***有時*** ,

　　always***總是，一直*** , never***從不***

　　如：I often go to school on foot.

　　My father works in a school.

　　Mike watches TV every day.

　　I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.

　　C、表示現時的狀態和現在瞬間動作.如：How are you? You look happy. What’s the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.

　　☆注意☆ 英語動詞的現在時與原形同形。但當主語是第三人稱單數時，須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結尾的。如：watches , teaches ,goes , washes

　　2、一般將來時

　　表示在將來會發生的事或動作。它常與表示將來的時間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等

　　☆注意☆ 一般將來時小學階段主要學了兩種結構：

　　①be going to + 動詞的原形 / 地點

　　②will + 動詞的原形

　　例句： I’m going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.

　　3、現在進行時

　　表示說話時正在進行的動作或現階段一直在進行的動作。

　　☆注意☆它的構成是：be的現在時形式***am , is , are***加動詞的ing形式。

　　如：What are you doing? I’m writing a letter. What arethey doing? They’re swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.

　　☆ 注意☆ 動詞的ing形式的構成規則：

　　☆ ① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

　　② 以e 結尾的動詞，要先去e再加ing　，如having , writing

　　③ 雙寫最後一個字母的***此類動詞極少***有：running , swimming, sitting , getting

　　4、一般過去時

　　主要用來表示在特定過去時間中一次完成的動作或一度存在的狀態，也可表示過去的習慣動作。它與現在時間不發生關係，它表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去，現已不復存在。它經常與表示過去的時間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.

　　☆注意☆　一般過去時主要體現在動詞的形式要用過去式，動詞的過去式的構成規則有：

　　A、規則動詞① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed　;如　worked , learned , cleaned , visited②　以e結尾的動詞直接加d　;如　lived, danced , used

　　③ 以子音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed　***此類動詞較少***如　study –studied carry – carried worry – worried ***play、stay除外***④ 雙寫最後一個字母***此類動詞較少***如　stopped

　　B、不規則動詞***此類詞並無規則，須熟記***小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式：

　　sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,

　　go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank