初中英語人教版知識點總結
英語是一門實用性較強的學科,下面是小編為大家帶來的,相信對你會有幫助的。
:介詞、連詞
一、介詞
介詞又叫前置詞,表示它後面的名詞***或相當於名詞的其他結構***與句子其他成分的關係。
1、與形容詞搭配的介詞。
Be afraid of be angry with be away from
be different from be good/bad for
be fond of***喜歡*** be good at***善於*** do well in***在…做得好*** bi interested in***對…感興趣***
be/get ready for***為…做準備*** be sure of***對…有把握***
be worried about***對…感到擔憂*** be proud of***以…自豪***
2、與動詞搭配的片語。
Look after 照顧 look for***尋找***
take care of***照顧某人*** worry about***擔心…***
play with…***玩…*** get on/off***上/下車***
turn on/off ***開/關*** turn up/down ***開大/關小***
3、表示時間的介詞
***1***in/on/at
In+時間段***表示早上、下午、晚上、周、月、季、年、世紀或人生的某個時期***
例如:in 1999,in juanuary,in summer.
固定片語:
In the morning,in a week,in a minute,in time,in the end.
On+具體的某日或某日的早、午、晚等。
例如:
On christmas day
On the night of march 10
At+時間點
例如:
At 3 o′clock at the harvest time
固定片語
At the morning at night at last at first at once
At this time of the year at the beginning of
At the same time
注意:在表示相同時間裡,下列情況下一般不用介詞:
Next/last/thing/that/tomorrow/yesterday/one/every/
all以及the day before yesterday和the day after tomorrow前不用介詞。
例如:不能說-in tomorrow 只能說-tomorrow
***2***for+時間段
Since+過去的時間點/或者表示過去式的從句,這兩種都表示“延續的一段時間”,常與完成時態連用。
例如:
He has lived here for ten years.
He has lived here some since1991.
He has lived here since he left school.
***3***在…之後
In+一段時間***用於一般將來時***
After+一段時間***用於一般過去時***
After+一點時間***常用於一般將來時***
例如:
He will come back in two hours.他兩小時後就回來。
He come back after two hours.兩個小時後他回來了。
They will visit their teacher after Friday .星期五以後他們去看望老師。
***4***by+過去時間點***表示到……為止,主句時態用過去完成時***
例如:
We had learned fifity lessons by the end of last term.
4、表示地點、範圍、趨向的介詞。
***1***at+點、on+面、in+體
例如:
A strange stood at the door with a picture on it,looking in through a hole in the door.
***2***aross+表面,through+空間
例如:
The river runs through our city,aross the fields and then into the sea.
***3***in+大地方,at+小地方
例如:
He arrived at the village***或in shanghai***yesterday.
***4***to the+方位詞+of+不接壤的地區。
On the +方位詞+of+接壤的地區。
In the +方位詞+of+其中的大地區
例如:
Japan is to the east of china.
The pacific is on the east of china.
Shanghai is in the east of china.
***5***among 在…和…之間***三者或三者以上***
Between 在…和…***兩者***之間 between…and… between強調兩者之間。
例如:
Among the students. Between you and me.
Take some medicine between three meals.
***6***besides+同樣情況的人或物***除…之外尚有***。
Except+不同情況的人或物***除…之外***不包括不本身。
Except+賓格/doing sth.
例如:
He went besides me .除了我以外,他也去了。
All went except me.除了我沒去,大家都去了。
***7***表示“關於”時,about+事蹟、故事等小而淺的問題。On+政治、理論、形式等而深的問題。
例如:
A book about a little hero.關於一位英雄的一本書。
A book on medicine.一本醫書。
***8***其他介詞
用交通工具時:
By plane by bike on foot
用語言:
In English
通過媒介:
On/over the telephone on/over the radio
用工具手段:
With a pen with one is hands.from…to 從…到…
***9***介詞後常用人稱代詞賓格或動詞-ing形式。
例如:
You must take care of her.
Thank you for helping me.
***10***句型/片語
It si nice/kind of you .
Be made in+地方 在某地製造
Be made of 用…材料製成***可看見原材料***
Be made from be made into
二、連詞
連詞是在詞、短語、從句或句子之間起連線作用的詞。
1、並列連詞
Both…and 既…又…***謂語用複數動詞***
Neither…nor 既不…也不***謂語動詞由靠近他的那個主語來決定單複數***。
Either…or… 或者…或者、不是…就是
And連線兩個並列成分、連線謂語時,兩個動詞時態一致,“那麼”接在祈使句後表示結果。
But“但是”表示轉折,不能與then同時出現在句中。
Or在否定句中、並列句中的列舉常用or,而不用and.
例如:
I have brother and sisiter.
I do not have brother or sisiter.
I have no brother and no sisiter.
注意:祈使句+or+陳述句,前後是對立的。
例如:
Study hard,or you won′t pass the exam.
=if you study hard,and you′ll pass exam.
=if you don′t study hard,you won′t pass the exam.
祈使句+and+陳述句,前後是統一的。
例如:
Go straight on,and you′ll see a bridge.
2、引導賓語從句的連詞
陳述句:that可省略
一般疑問句:if/whether “是否”;連詞特殊疑問句、特殊疑問詞
3、引導原因狀語從句的連詞
Because不能與so 同時出現在句中。
4、引導時間狀語的連詞
1***when***當…時候***,as……soon …as ***一…就***,not…until***直到…才***,after***……之後***,在這些詞引導的主從複合句中,主句為一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時。
例如:
I won′t leave until he comes.
I will tell you as soon as I come back.
2***since***自從……以來***引導的主從複合句,主句為現在完成時,從句一般過去時。
例如:
We have not met each other since she left here last year.
3***while***當…時候,一邊…一邊***,引導時間狀語從句,常用進行時態。
例如:
My father came in while I was doing my homework.
5、if“如果”引導條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時。
例如:
If it rains tomorrow,I will not climb the hills.
注意區別:if/whether引導賓語從句,時態根據語境而定。
例如:I don′t know if it will rain tomorrow.
6、so…that/sunch…that***如此…以致,因而***
Such+***a***+名詞+that
例如:
His idea was such a good one that we all agree to use it.
So+/形容詞或副詞/形容詞+a***n***+單數可數名詞+that/+many/few/+複數可數名詞/+much/little+不可數名詞。
例如:
Bob is so tall that he can almost reach the ceiling.
He ran so quickily that we couldn′t keep up with him.
There was so little water left that only small children and patients were given some.
注意:such a nice city=so nice a city
初三英語上冊期末複習試題