被動語態有哪些正確的使用方法

General 更新 2024年12月22日

  被動語態是動詞的一種形式,用以說明主語與謂語動詞之間的關係,掌握被動語態的使用方法非常重要。以下是由小編整理的被動語態的用法內容,希望大家喜歡!

  被動語態的用法

  1. 被動語態的基本時態變化

  被動語態通常為十種時態的被動形式, 被動語態由be 過去分詞構成,be隨時態的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時態的被動語態形式為:

  1*** am/is/are done ***過去分詞*** 一般現在時

  例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

  2*** has /have been done 現在完成時

  例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

  3*** am/is /are being done 現在進行時

  例A new cinema is being built here.

  4*** was/were done 一般過去時

  例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

  5*** had been done 過去完成時

  例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

  6*** was/were being done 過去進行時

  例A meeting was being held when I was there.

  7*** shall/will be done 一般將來時

  例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

  8*** should/would be done 過去將來時

  例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

  9*** shall/will have been done 將來完成時***少用***

  例The project will have been completed before July.

  2. 被動語態的特殊結構形式

  1***帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為:情態動詞 be 過去分詞。

  例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

  2*** 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用於被動結構時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。

  例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

  3*** 當“動詞 賓語 賓語補足語”結構變為被動語態時,將賓語變為被動結構中的主語,其餘不動。

  例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

  4***在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等後面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結構中不定式to要省略,但變為被動結構時,要加to。

  例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

  5*** 有些相當於及物動詞的動詞片語,如“動詞 介詞”,“動詞 副詞”等,也可以用於被動結構,但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

  例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

  3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態

  v. ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態***一般時態和完成時態*** 。

  例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

  使用被動語態的方法

  學習被動語態時,不僅要知道被動語態的各種語法結構,還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態。

  1. 講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者 ***這時可省 by 短語***。

  例 My bike was stolen last night.

  2. 藉助被動的動作突出動作的執行者。

  例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

  3. 為了更好地安排句子。

  例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. ***一個主語就夠了***

  被動語態的特殊結構形式

  1 帶情態動詞的被動結構。其形式為:情態動詞+be+過去分詞。

  The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

  2 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用於被動結構時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語後面。通常變為主語的是間接賓語。

  His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

  3 當"動詞+賓語+賓語補足語"結構變為被動語態時,將賓語變為被動結構中的主語,其餘不動。

  Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

  4 在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等後面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結構中不定式to要省略,但變為被動結構時,要加to。

  Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

  5 有些相當於及物動詞的動詞片語,如"動詞+介詞","動詞+副詞"等,也可以用於被動結構,但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

  The meeting is to be put off till Friday.


如何使用被動語態

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