細心鑽研雅思出題思路的學生都會發現,有很多題目都對做題的方向以及干擾項的方向做出了暗示和限定。相信大家都下過中國象棋,在開局階段如果能根據對方的特點布好局並相應的做出調整的話,那麼對方的每一步棋的意圖和目的都在你的掌握之中。同理,如果能提前發現題目中的限制條件,那麼你就很容易看透干擾項的特點,加以排除,進而毫不費力的確定正確答案了。這是不是有點像火眼金精,一眼就能看穿妖魔本質的齊天大聖呢?所以今天朗閣雅思培訓中心聽力組的專家就來分享一下雅思聽力選擇題解題思路透析之二——橫掃限定,火眼金精。
經過研究和總結,雅思選擇題裡的限制條件可歸為三類:時間限定、頻度限定、名詞限定,下面我就逐一進行解析。
第一類:時間限定
例1 劍7 Test 4 Q 12
The original buildings on the site were
A houses
B industrial buildings
C shops
思路透析:題幹中包含original這一時間限定詞,所以提前預判此題干擾項為現在這些建築是幹什麼用的並且做好排除干擾項和同義轉換的準備。
實際做題:在實際做題中,當聽到used to be...這個表達方式的時候就應該有所警覺,做題位置到了。
原文:There used to be a lot of factories in this area until 1960s. Creating the park required the demolition of lots of derelict buildings on the site, so most of the exciting park space all around you was originally warehouses and storehouses.
解題:無論是used to be或者是originally都可以跟original形成同意轉換,而其後的名詞factories,warehouses and storehouses都可以與industrial buildings呼應,故答案為B。而在上述描述中我們可以看出來現在這塊地是一個公園,這只是干擾項而已。
例2 劍5 Test 2 Q 11
In 1993 Dan Pearman went to Ecuador
A as a tourist guide
B as part of his studies
C as a voluntary worker
思路透析:在審題中發現有1993這個時間點,所以確定答案在出現1993這個時間之後,而沒有這個時間相隨的則為干擾項。
實際做題:出現1993後,做題位置到來。
原文:I went there in 1993 just after graduating from university. After three years of studying, i wanted adventrure. I loved travelling, so I decedied to join a voluntary organisation and was sent to Ecuador to carry out land surveys.
解題:1993後緊跟著after graduating from university,所以馬上排除B選項。而後面發現有voluntary organisation,故確定答案為C。
例3 劍7 Test 3 Q 16
The Semira region has a long tradition of
A making carpets
B weaving blankets
C carving wood
思路透析:雖然此題不像上面兩題有非常清晰的時間指示詞,但是題幹中long tradition of帶有明顯的“過去”時間指示特點,從而判斷干擾項為現在這個地區以作什麼為特色。
實際做題:以選項中的各個名詞為定位點
原文:The area has been famous for centuries for making beautiful carpets, although recently there has been a trend to move into weaving blanket and wood carving.
解題:has been famous for centuries與has a long tradition形成同意轉換,故正確答案為A。而B, C兩個選項緊跟recently這個時間狀語,符合干擾項的特點,故加以排除。
總結:朗閣海外考試研究中心分析認為,其實時間限定詞很多,包括明確限定和隱性限定兩類。明確限定:具體年代、now、past、future、use to、original、originally、soon、so far、recently、current、currently、soon等;隱性限定:比如例二中的long tradition之類的表達方式或者是時間狀語從句。善於發現和利用這樣的限定詞對解題幫助很大。
第二類:頻度限定
例4 劍2 Test 4 Q 35
The most common type of road rage incident involved
A damage to property
B personal violence
C verbal abuse
思路透析:此題題幹中出現了most common這種表示頻率的詞,那麼勢必出現road rage的種種表現作為干擾項,而我們要等的是最為普遍的一種形式的同意轉換。
實際做題:
原文:Well, as you can see, 93% of respondents had had some kind of problem. A surprisingly large percentage-24% had had their car damaged in some way, but the main type of incident was being shouted at-79% had experienced that. 15% had experienced violence on their own persons... they’d actually been hit by someone.
解題:正如我們所料,出現了violence和damage等road rage的表現形式作為干擾項,而我們所需要的是把most common和main type做同意轉換,進而得到答案C。
例5 劍2 Test 3 Q 8
The respondents feels that adverts should occur every
A 10 minutes
B 15 minutes
C 20 minutes
思路透析:通過這個題的出題形式,能夠看出是純粹考查頻率的一道題。
實際做題:聽到how often這個問題時確定做題位置。
原文:Well out of that list I’d say every quarter of an hour. I don’t think we can complain about that, as long as they don’t last for ten minutes each time!
解題:此題用每次廣告所持續的時間10分鐘為干擾項,加以排除。把15分鐘和quarter進行同意轉換後得到答案B。
總結:朗閣海外考試研究中心在此提醒考生們,當題目中出現表示頻率的詞時要加以注意,這樣的詞通常包括:frequency, frequent, frequently, common, commonly, usual, usually, average, averagely, every ...minutes等。
第三類:名詞限定
例6 劍6 Q 33
Asiatic lions disappeared from Europe
A 2500 years ago
B 2000 years ago
C 1900 years ago
思路透析:此題題幹中出現了Europe這一名詞加以限定,所以解題時要注意哪個時間緊跟著歐洲那麼哪個選項就很有可能是正確答案。
實際做題:原文:However, Europe saw its last Asiatic lion roaming free two thousand years ago. Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere in India.
解題:1900年這個選項是跟著印度的,故排除。2000年是跟著歐洲出現的,故答案為B。
總結:有時候一些具有實際意義的名詞對這個題目的範圍進行了限定,那麼其實題目就出現了簡化的機會,重點關注哪個選項是出現在這個名詞周圍的就可以輕鬆得到答案了。
綜上所述,雅思選擇題很容易對題幹進行時間、頻率、以及名詞的限定。提前發現這些限定能夠幫助我們確認解題方向,進而進行有的放矢式的解題,能大大提高解題的正確率。