用英語說中國漢朝

　　提高英語水平的方法有很多，在閱讀中加入英語也是常見的一種。小編在此獻上用英語來了解中國的歷史文化，希望大家喜歡。

　　：General 概況

　　At the end of the Qin Dynasty 221—206 B.C., a present army led by Liu Bang conquered the Xianyang City in 207 BC, putting an end to the despotic period.

　　秦朝公元前221年至公元前206年末期，劉邦率領的軍隊於公元前207年佔領了咸陽，結束了這個暴虐的時代。

　　After four years war with his rival, Xiang Yu, Liu Bang finally got command of the whole country and established his reign----Han Dynasty in 202 BC.

　　經過和項羽四年的戰爭，劉邦最終控制了整個國家並於公元前202年建立了他的王朝——漢朝。

　　The new dynasty has been divided into two historical periods.

　　這個新朝代被分為兩個歷史時期。

　　The first period is called the Western Han 206 B.C. ---- 24 A.D. as the capital was Chang'an the present city of Xian in Shaanxi Province.

　　第一個時期是西漢公元前206年至公元24年，都城為長安今天的陝西省西安市。

　　The second period is known as the Eastern Han 25 A.D.--- 220 A.D. as Luoyang became the capital city.

　　第二個時期是東漢公元25年至220年，都城為洛陽。

　　The Han Dynasty ruled over the second unified Chinese empire.

　　漢朝是第二個統一中國的朝代。

　　Based on the unification created by Emperor Qin Shi Huang, a variety of different cultures were integrated.

　　以秦始皇建立的統一為基礎，不同的文化相交融。

　　This laid the foundation for what became the common culture of Han.

　　這位漢朝的普眾文化建立了基石。

　　It was during this period that the Han ethnic group established itself as the core nation of China.

　　正是在這個時期，漢族成為了中國的核心民族。

　　It was as a consequence of their more advanced civilization that the Han people assumed a dominant position.

　　也許是因為漢族人民擁有更為先進的文明，他們佔據了支配地位。

　　This dominance still exists in China today, regardless of the many changes that have taken place over the centuries.

　　不管在時代變遷間經歷了多少變化，漢族人的這種優勢直到今日仍然存在於中國。

　　：Emperor Gaozu of the Han 漢高祖

　　Emperor Gaozu, also known under the name Liu Bang, was the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty 206 B.C. ---- 24 A.D..

　　漢高祖劉邦是西漢公元前206年至公元24年的開國皇帝。

　　He was born into a peasant family in Pei present Pei County in Jiangsu Province, and was once one of the leaders of the peasant insurrections in the late Qin Dynasty 221—206 B.C..

　　他出生於沛縣今江蘇省沛縣的一個農民家庭，在秦朝公元前221年至公元前206年晚期曾擔任農民起義的領袖。

　　Having suffered a lot under the despotic rule, Liu Bang rose against it at the end of the Qin Dynasty together with Xiang Yu.

　　因為遭受了殘暴統治的巨大痛苦，劉邦在秦末和項羽一起揭竿造反。

　　The two of them became two important leaders of the peasant uprisings which were taking place at the time.

　　他們二人成為了那時農民起義的主力軍。

　　In 206 B.C, Liu Bang started by breaking the capital city of Qin, Xianyang, thus putting an end to the notorious Qin Dynasty.

　　公元前206年，劉邦在秦朝都城咸陽起義，結束了這個臭名昭著的秦王朝。

　　He abandoned the harsh laws, reduced taxes and instituted three regulations in order to protect the interests of normal people.

　　他取消了嚴厲的刑法，減少了苛捐雜稅，建立了三項規定來保障人民的利益。

　　These actions made him popular with the people.

　　這些舉動使他深得民心。

　　However, Liu Bang's actions and fame were the source of Xiang Yu's envy.

　　然而，劉邦的行為與名氣招致了項羽的嫉妒。

　　Xiang Yu had the intention of becoming an emperor with control over the entire country.

　　項羽想要成為一統全國的皇帝。

　　When Xiang Yu proclaimed himself the King of Chu, Liu Bang realized that he was inferior to Xiang Yu

　　當項羽宣稱自己是楚國的君主時，劉邦意識到自己的身份比項羽低微，

　　and adopted the suggestions of Xiao He to move to Hanzhong present Hanzhong in Shaanxi Province with the title “King of Han” which was conferred by Xiang Yu.

　　就聽取了蕭何的建議以項羽授予自己的“漢軍君主”的名號轉移到了漢中今陝西省漢中。

　　In Hanzhong, Liu Bang focused his efforts on developing the agriculture and training an army, through which he reinforced his material accumulation and military power.

　　在漢中，劉邦潛心發展農業和軍隊，通過此舉，他加強了自己的物資積累和軍事實力。

　　Before long， Liu Bang left Hanzhong and stationed in the Central Shaanxi Plain, where he launched a war now known as the Chu-Han War, against Xiang Yu.

　　沒過多久，劉邦離開漢中，駐紮在了陝西平原中部。

　　The war lasted four years 206---- 202 B.C. and ended with Liu Bang's victory.

　　在那裡，他與項羽展開了一場著名的戰爭——楚漢之爭。

　　Having defeated Xiang Yu, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty in 202 BC and made Chang'an present city of Xian his capital city.

　　這場戰爭持續了四年時間公元前206年至公元前202年並以劉邦的勝利結束。

　　Liu Bang became historically known as Emperor Gaozu.

　　打敗項羽後，劉邦於公元前202年建立漢朝，定都長安今西安。

　　During the time Liu Bang was in power, he continued to use the centralism created by Qin, replaced original vassals and granted lands to his relatives.

　　他在歷史上被稱為漢高祖。

　　In economy, he reduced taxes and corvee and developed agriculture, but he restricted the commerce.

　　劉邦執政期間沿用了秦朝的中央集權制，取消了原來的諸侯國，將土地無償分封給他的親戚。

　　Emperor Gaozu's efforts laid a solid foundation for the over four-hundred-year reign of the Han Dynasty.

　　經濟上，他減免了苛捐雜稅與勞逸並積極發展農業，但是限制了商業的發展。

　　高祖的努力為漢朝之後四百多年的統治打下了牢固的基礎。

　　：Rule of Wen and Jing 文景之治

　　When the emperors Wen and Jing in the Western Han Dynasty 206B.C.---- 8 A.D. came into power, they went on with more moderate and humane policies carried by Emperor Gaozu.

　　漢文帝與漢景帝執政時，相較於高祖，他們採取了更加溫和與人性化的政策。

　　Historical records show that during their reigns the Han Dynasty 206B.C. ---- 220A.D. prospered.

　　歷史記錄顯示，當他們當政時，漢朝公元前206年至公元220年繁榮發展。

　　Untroubled by wars or natural disasters, people lived in peace.

　　人們平安度日，不受戰亂或自然災害的憂擾。

　　This resulted in an increase in population and the development of manufacturing industries and commerce.

　　這最終造成了人口的增長以及製造業和經濟的發展。

　　The emperor Wen attached much importance to agriculture and economy.

　　漢文帝將注意力更多放在了農業與經濟上。

　　He encouraged agricultural output by further reducing taxes and asked people to grow mulberry and raise silkworms.

　　他通過不斷減少稅收以及建議人民種桑樹、養蠶來鼓勵農業的發展。

　　Meanwhile, Wen introduced the reform of punishment and abolished many cruel penalties, in the 23 years of his reign, there was no reconstruction of the palace and his carriages remained the same.

　　同時，文帝提倡懲罰制度的改革並取消了許多殘酷的刑罰，在他統治的23年間，他不曾修繕過宮殿，連自己的馬車也多年如一日。

　　According to the historical records, the food supply was so ample that much got perished in the bams.

　　根據史料記載，那時的食物供給十分充足以至於許多糧食都爛在了穀倉裡。

　　Another important factor that contributed to the prosperity of Han was that Wen& Jing endeavored to maintain a friendly relationship with Han and neighboring countries.

　　另一個使得漢朝繁榮興盛的原因在於文帝和景帝致力於與漢朝周邊的國家維持良好的關係。