用英語說中國秦朝歷史

　　提高自己的英語水平，可以在日常的閱讀中融入英語。小編在此獻上用英語來了解中國的歷史文化，希望大家喜歡。

　　用英語說中國秦朝：Second Emperor of Qin Dynasty 秦二世

　　During his reign Qin Shi Huang made five inspection trips around the country.

　　秦始皇在位期間曾有過五次巡視。

　　During the last trip with his second son Huhai 胡亥in 210 BC, Qin Shi Huang died suddenly at Shaqiu prefecture.

　　最後一次巡視是在公元前210年與他的二兒子胡亥一起，秦始皇突然於沙丘縣去世。

　　Huhai, under the advice of two high officials---- the Imperial Secretariat Li Si 李斯 and the chief eunuch Zhao Gao, forged and altered Emperor's will.

　　在兩位高階官員——丞相李斯和太監總管趙高的建議下，胡亥篡改並偽造了秦始皇的遺照。

　　The faked decree ordered Qin Shi Huang's first son, the heir Fusu 扶蘇, to commit suicide, instead naming Huhai as the next emperor.

　　假聖旨命令秦始皇的大兒子，公子扶蘇自盡，胡亥成為了下一任皇帝。

　　The decree also stripped the command of troops from Marshal Meng Tian 蒙括----a faithful supporter of Fusu---- and sentenced Meng's family to death.

　　聖旨還剝奪了大將軍蒙恬——扶蘇的忠誠支持者的軍權並誅滅蒙恬一家。

　　Zhao Gao step by step seized the power of Huhai, effectively making Huhai a puppet emperor.

　　趙高一步步奪取了胡亥的權利，成功地讓胡亥成為了一個傀儡皇帝。

　　用英語說中國秦朝：Burning of Books and Burying of Scholars 焚書坑儒

　　According to the Records of the Grand Historian, after the First Emperor of Qin annexed the State of Qi and unified China in 221 BC, his Chancellor Li Si suggested suppressing the freedom of speech, unifying all thoughts and political opinions.

　　根據《史記》的記載，秦始皇吞併齊國並一統中國之後，他的丞相李斯建議壓制演講的自由，統一思想和政見。

　　This was justified by accusations that the intelligentsia sang false praise and raised dissent through libel.

　　這個建議被指責知識分子阿諛奉承和進行文字誹謗的論點證明了它的合理性。

　　Beginning in 213 B.C, all classic works of the Hundred Schools of Thought----except those from his own, the school of philosophy known as Legalism----were subject to burning.

　　公元前213年開始，百家爭鳴的所有典籍，除了他所尊崇的法家學說以外，全部被焚燒。

　　Li Si proposed that all histories in the imperial archives except those written by the Qin historians be burned;

　　李斯建議帝國檔案館裡的所有史料，除去秦朝歷史學家所撰寫的，都應該被燒燬;

　　that the Classic of Poetry, the Classic of History, and works by scholars of different schools be handed into the local authorities for burning;

　　包括《詩經》、《書經》和那些由諸子百家所寫的著作都應被收至中央進行焚燒;

　　that anyone discussing these two particular books be executed;

　　任何人談論這兩本書都應被處死，任何人用過去的例子來諷刺當朝的政治都應被處死，他們的家人也應被行刑;

　　that those using ancient examples to satirize contemporary politics be put to death, along with their families;

　　朝廷中有任何人知情不報同樣該被治罪;

　　that authorities who failed to report cases that came to their attention were equally guilty;

　　那些沒有按聖旨在30天內焚燒名單上書籍的人應被髮配到北疆和犯人們一起修建長城。

　　and that those who had not burned the listed books within 30 days of the decree were to be banished to the north as convicts working on building the Great Wall.

　　在焚書期間唯一得以流傳的書籍是有關醫藥、農業和占卜的。

　　The only books to be spared in the destruction were books on medicine, agriculture and divination.

　　2、坑儒

　　2. Burial of the scholars

　　自從在尋找長生不老方法的過程中被兩個煉金術士欺騙，秦始皇在放逐他們的第二年就在都城活埋了超過460個儒家學者，不過2世紀時衛巨集又為這個資料增加了700個人。

　　After being deceived by two alchemists while seeking prolonged life, the First Emperor of Qin ordered more than 460 of them in the capital to be buried alive in the second year of the proscription, though an account given by Wei Hong in the 2nd century added another 700 to the figure.

　　太子扶蘇勸諫說，對於一個剛剛統一的國家，外敵還未平定，對尊崇孔子學說的那些人採取這樣嚴酷的刑法會造成不穩定。

　　The Crown Prince Fusu counseled that, with the country newly unified, and enemies still not pacified, such a harsh measure imposed on those who respect Confucius would cause instability.

　　但是，他不僅無法改變秦始皇的想法，甚至還被髮配至邊疆充軍。

　　However, he was unable to change his father's mind, and instead was sent to guard the frontier in a de facto exile.

　　秦朝如此快速的覆滅就源於這些對於人權的剝奪。

　　The quick fall of the Qin Dynasty was attributed to this proscription.

　　儒學思想在之後的漢代復興併成為了中國封建社會的官方學說。

　　Confucianism was revived in the Han Dynasty that followed, and became the official ideology of the Chinese imperial state.

　　然而，其他的思想學派卻消失了。

　　However, many of the other schools of thought disappeared.