初中英語裡什麼是主動語態和被動語態

　　：什麼是主動語態和被動語態，相信很多同學在學習英語的過程中都有過這樣一個疑問，下面我們一起看看這篇《什麼是主動語態和被動語態》。

　　1.當主語是謂語動作的發出者時，我們稱之為主動語態主動句。

　　We speak English.

　　我們講英語。

　　“講”是主語“我們”發出的動作。

　　He is writing a letter.

　　他下在寫一封信。

　　writing是主語He發出的動作。

　　2. 當主語是謂語動作的承受者時，稱之為被動語態被動句：在中文裡相當於“…被…”的句子。

　　Class 1 was defeated.

　　一班被打敗了。

　　主語Class 1是defeted的承受者

　　A hare was killed.

　　一隻野兔被打死了。

　　A hare是killed的承受者。在形式上A hare是was killed的主語，但在意思上，A hare是killed的賓語，即等於：Someone killed a hare.

　　3.大多數“主-動-賓”結構的主動句都可以轉換為被動句。

　　1將原來的賓語變為主語，並將原來的主動態動詞片語變為被動態動詞片語。

　　This factory produces machine tools.

　　→Machine tools are produced in this factory.

　　The found a wallet in the car.

　　→A wallet was found in the car.

　　They are repairingthe bridge.

　　→The bridge is being repaired.

　　They have repaired the bridge.

　　→The bridge has been repaired.

　　They often make fun of her.

　　→She is often made fun of.

　　He took great care of his books.

　　→His books were taken great care of.

　　→Great care was taken of his books.

　　2如果原句帶有情態動詞或半助動詞，在變為被動句時，助動詞不變，隨後的主動詞變為被動態。

　　They should do this right now.

　　→ This should bedone right now.

　　They may be interviewing the applicants at the moment.

　　→The applicants maybe being interviewed at the moment.

　　They must have finished their work.

　　→Their work must have been finished

　　He is likely tolet you down.

　　→You are likely tobe let down.

　　3當主動句變被動句，如果要強調施動者，可將原句主語置於by- 片語中表達出來。

　　A boy found this wallet in the street.

　　→This wallet was found in the street by a boy.

　　4當主動句是一個“主-動-賓-賓”結構時，可以有兩種形式。

　　Father gave me a toy yesterday.

　　→I was given a toy yesterday.

　　→A toy was given to me yesterday.

　　5當主動句是一個“主-動-賓-補”結構時，可將原來的賓語變為被動句的主語，原來的賓語補語變為被動句裡的主語補語。

　　They named the boy Tom.

　　→The boy was named Tom.

　　We painted the wall pink.

　　→The wall was painted pink.

　　三、在英語裡，有些表達只能用主動語態。

　　The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。

　　The cloth washes well.這布料很耐洗。

　　The drawer won’t open.這抽屜打不開。

　　His novel sells well.他的小說銷路很好。

　　This paper tears easily.這紙一撕就破。

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　　公眾號：英語語法學習

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