被動語態的各種形式

　　英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。 語態是動詞的一種形式，用來說明主語和謂語之間的關係。接下來，小編給大家準備了,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

　　如果主語是動作的執行者，謂語用主動語態，如“We clean the room every day.”;如果主語是動作的承受者，或者說是動作的物件，謂語則是要用被動語態，如“The room is cleaned every day.”

　　：

　　1 am/is/are +done

　　I’m asked to take care of myself.

　　Football is played all over the world.

　　2 has /have been done

　　This book has been translated into many foreign languages.

　　The prices of many goods have been cut again .

　　3 am/is /are being done

　　A road is being built around the mountain.

　　Many new houses are being built in this city.

　　4 was/were done

　　This house was built in 1958.

　　His leg was broken in an accident.

　　5 had been done

　　A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

　　When the anthem1 had been played the conference2 began.

　　6 was/were being done

　　The meeting was being held when I was there.

　　We were being trained this time last year.

　　7 shall/will be done

　　More factories will be built in our city.

　　He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

　　8 shall/will have been done

　　The project will have been completed before July.

　　Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.

　　9 should/would be done

　　He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.

　　10 should/would have been done

　　He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.

　　擴充套件：常見的被動結構

　　1、SVO句型的被動結構

　　SVO句型中的謂語為單賓及物動詞，其被動結構是：S + V被動式 + by短語。例如：

　　He wrote1 the book two years ago. → The book was2 written by him two years ago. 這本書是他在兩年前寫的。

　　They are cleaning the house. → The house is being3 cleaned by them. 房子正在被他們打掃。

　　You’re wanted on the phone. 有你的電話。

　　2、SVoO句型的被動結構

　　SVoO句型中的謂語動詞為雙賓及物動詞，其被動結構是：S + V被動式 + O/o保留賓語 + by短語。

　　需要說明的是，一般把間接賓語表示人作為被動句的主語，而把直接賓語表示物作為保留賓語。如果把直接賓語作為被動句的主語，則間接賓語作為保留賓語，它的前面通常要用介詞to或for視動詞而定。例如：

　　My aunt gave4 me an apple. → I was given5 an apple. / An apple was given to me. 有人給了我一隻蘋果。[被動句中省略了by my aunt。]

　　His mother bought him a new coat. → He was bought a new coat. / A new coat was bought for him. 有人給他買了一件新大衣。[被動句中省略了by his mother。]

　　3、SVOC句型的被動結構

　　SVOC句型中的謂語動詞為復賓及物動詞，其被動結構是：S + V被動式 + C主語補足語 + by短語[1]。例如：

　　People usually call me Jim for short. → I am usually called Jim for short. 我常常被人直呼吉姆。

　　They asked Mike to write soon. → Mike was asked to write soon. 邁克被要求儘快寫信。

　　He made6 the baby laugh. → The baby was made to laugh by him. 那個嬰兒被他逗笑了。[請比較前後兩句中的劃線單詞，被動句中需要加上to。]

　　在被動句中作主語補足語的不定式一律要帶to，不論其作賓語補足語時是否帶to請見以上各例句。

　　4、短語動詞的被動結構

　　短語動詞的被動結構是：S + V被動式 + 介詞/副詞 + by短語。例如：

　　We have sent for a doctor. → A doctor has been sent for. 已經派人去請醫生了。

　　I turned off7 the radio just now. → The radio was turned off just now. 收音機剛才被關掉了。

　　They are taking good care8 of the children. → The children are being taken good care of. 孩子們正在受到良好的照顧。

　　在將含有短語動詞的主動句轉換成被動句時，原短語動詞中的介詞或副詞如以上句中的for, off, of不能遺漏。

　　5、帶情態動詞的被動結構

　　帶情態動詞的被動結構是：S + V情態動詞+主要動詞的被動式 + by短語。例如：

　　You must do it at once. → It must be done at once. 這件事必須立即做。

　　We can see the park from the window. → The park can be seen9 from the window. 公園可以從窗戶那裡看到。