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　　原文

　　University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recentlyfound that global warming might actually increasethe number of species on the planet，contrary toa previous report that higher temperatures meantfewer life forms—a report mat was his own.

　　In Mayhew’s initial 2008 study，low biodiversity among marine invertebrates***無脊椎動物***appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years.But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis，this time using datathat were“a fairer sample of the history of life.”砌this new collection of material.they found acomplete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from whattheir previous paper argued：the number of different groups present in the fossil record washigher，rather than lower，durin9“greenhouse phases.”

　　Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken torepresent biodiversity changes throughout history.Thisn’t necessarily the case.because thereare certain periods with higher.quality fossil samples.and some that are much more difficultto sample well.Aware of this bias.Mayhew’s team used data that standardized the number offossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changesthat might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up.

　　Two years later，the results did not.But then why doesn't life increasingly emerge onEarth as our temperatures get warmer?

　　While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous toliving creatures，Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’s study are huge--over500million years--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at ashumans concerned about global wanning.Many global warming concerns are focused on thenext century.He said——and the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years.

　　“I do worry that these findings vill be used by the climate skeptic community tosay‘look.Climate warming is fine。he said.Not to mention the numerous other things weseem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversity—think of what habitat***棲息地***destruction，overfishing，and pollution can do for a species’viability***生存力***.Thosethings，Mayhew explained，give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climatechange than they would have had in the absence of humans.

　　“If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover overmillions of years in a warmer climate.then my prediction is it would be an improvement inbiodiversity，”he said.So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planetfirst，if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet astemperatures get warmer.We don't have 500 million years to wait.

　　56.What is the finding of Peter Mayhew’s recent study?

　　A.Higher temperature causes the low biodiversity of marine invertebrates.

　　B.Fossil record can represent a relatively believable history of life.

　　C.The number of fossils was higher during greenhouse phases.

　　D.Global warming might promote the richness of species on Earth.

　　57.What do we learn about Mayhew’s previous report?

　　A.It was based on his colleagues hypothesis about global warming.

　　B.It was contrary to what his team found in the recent study.

　　C.It was a complete reversal from his 2008 study about marine invertebrates.

　　D.It found evidence for the connections between biodiversity and temperature.

　　58.Why does Mayhew’s team use data that standardized the number of fossils?

　　A.They realize not all fossils can sample well to represent biodiversity changes.

　　B.They start to consider the variables that might influence biodiversity.

　　C.They want to check the previous findings with different research methods.

　　D.They believe sea level changes can lead to inaccurate fossil records.

　　59.Because of the huge timescales in his study，Mayhew believed .

　　A.global warming is not hazardous t0 1iving creatures in a short time

　　B.his study is not suitable to support short-term global warming

　　C.global warming concerns should be focused on in the next century

　　D.the lifetime of a species can be extended t0 10 million years

　　60.By“we don’t have 500 million years to wait”***Line 4，Para.6***，the author suggeststhat_____.

　　A.we have no enough time to allow the earth to recover from damages

　　B.we have no enough time to witness the evolution of a species

　　C.it’s urgent for humans to take steps to prevent global warming

　　D.it's necessary for humans to stop maltreatment of the planet

　　答案

　　56.D***。定位 由題幹中的finding of Peter Mayhew’Srecent study定位到文章第一段：University of Yorkbiologist Peter Mayhew recently found that globalwarming might actually increase the number ofspecies on the planet…

　　詳解： 事實細節題。本題考查彼得·梅休的最新研究成果。定位句指出，他發現氣候變暖可能使得地球上物種的數量增加，故答案為D***。A***“氣溫升高導致海洋無脊椎動物生物多樣性降低”，這是梅休2008年最初的研究結論，故排除;B***“化石記錄能表現出相對可信的生物發展歷史”，第三段第一句已經指出這是他研究前的假設而不是結論，故排除;C***“溫室效應階段化石數量更多”，第二段最後一句指出，是化石中體現的生物物種更多而不是化石本身的數量更多，故排除。

　　57.B***。定位 由題幹中的Mayhew’S previous report定位到文中第二段第三句：With this newcollection of material，they found a complete reversal of the relationship between speciesrichness and temperature from what their previous paper argued...

　　詳解：推理判斷題。本題考查對梅休之前研究報告結論的理解。定位句指出，在新收集的材料中，他們發現了與他們之前的論文所辯稱的一種物種豐富性與溫度間完全相反的關係，故答案為B***。A***“他的報告是基於同事對於氣候變暖的假設前提下”，文中第二段第二句提到their hypothesis，即是他們的共同假設，故排除;c***“與他2008年關於海洋無脊椎動物研究結論完全相反”，梅休之前的研究就是於2008年進行的這次研究，無法與自身作比較，故排除;D***“找到了生物多樣性和氣溫之間的關係的證據”，由定位句可知是得出了與之相反的結論，而不是對其加以證實，故排除。

　　58.A***。定位 由題幹中的data that standardized the number of fossils定位到文章第三段第二、三句：this isn’t necessarily the case，because there are certain periods with higher-quality fossilsamples，and some that are much more diffimflt to sample well.Aware of this bias，Mayhew’Steam used data that standardized the

　　number of fossils...

　　詳解：推理判斷題。本題考查梅休團隊利用標準化化石的原因。定位句指出，因為某些特定的時段有一些更高質量的化石樣本，其中一些更難取出好的樣本。基於這一點，梅休團隊在他們的新實驗中利用標準化個數並被歷史所檢測的化石資料，故本題答案為A***。B***“他們開始考慮一些可能影響生物多樣性的其他變化因素”、C***“他們想用不同的研究方法檢驗之前的結論”和D***“他們相信海平面變化會導致化石記錄的不準確性”，文中第三段最後一句指出，他們只是猜測比如海平面等相關因素會影響生物多樣性而想去證實它，故排除。

　　59.B***。定位 由題幹中的the huge timescales in his study定位到文中第四段第三句....Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’S study are huge--over 500 millionyears--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humansconcerned about global warmin9.

　　詳解：事實細節題。本題考查梅休對於研究時間跨度太長的態度。定位句指出，梅休解釋他們團隊的研究時標很長，有5億多年，所以用於解釋人們關注的較短時間內的全球變暖是不合適的，故答案為B***。

　　60.A***“氣候變暖短時間內不會對生物造成威脅”，文中第四段第三句前半部分指出那是氣候變化質疑者的斷言，故排除;C***“氣候變暖的關注點應該集中在下個世紀”是陳述的事實而不是推測，故排除;D***“一個物種的壽命可以達到1千萬年”與題幹無直接邏輯關係，故排除。