英語中什麼是非謂語動詞
非謂語動詞是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞***現在分詞和過去分詞***,即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以充當主語、賓語、狀語等。
典型習題
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析:根據題幹,必須選表示被動的選項,故排除A、D;因B選項表“將要被舉行”意,不合題幹之用,只有C選項***相當於which was first played***才合用。
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析:B、C是謂語動詞,在此不可用。D項to make或表目的,或表“將要使得”,這都不合題幹情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結果。再舉一現在分詞作結果狀語例:
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風雪所阻,因而耽誤了。
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theater this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
析:根據this evening,應選表示將來義的選項,C、D應排除。Take後無賓語,必然要用被動式,故答案為A。
4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing
析:根據be made to do sth.句式,可定答案為A。
5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析:根據warn sb.***not***to do sth.句式,可排除B、D兩項;又根據非謂語動詞的否定式not總是在首位的規律,又可排除A,而定C。
6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
析:此題可根據why not後直接跟原形動詞規律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項改為try to go,則要根據其與try going意義之別來確定答案。依據題幹對話內容,乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為D。
7.______ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
析:非謂語動詞的否定式not應置於首位,B、D皆為錯誤形式。A項不能表達先於decided的動作,只有選C項才表沒收到信在先,決定再寫信在後,所以C為正確答案。
8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented
析:consider表“考慮”意時,其後動詞用doing形式,此處不表“考慮”,而表“認為”,這時consider後作賓語補足語或主語補足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據此可排除B、D兩個選項。又因A表“要發明”意,不合題用,只有C表“發明了”意,才合題用,故選C。
9.Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析:“被邀請參加晚會”,應選表被動意的選項,B不可用。D項少引導詞who,也應排除。又因短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不可作定語,C也應排除,只有A.invited***=who were invited***才是正確答案。
10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied
析:B表主動意,應排除。C表“將要被捆綁”,A表“正在被捆綁”都不合題意,只有D項填入空白才能表達“雙手被反綁著”這一意思,符合題幹情景。再看一類似例句: He came in,***with***his head held high.他昂首走了進來。
英語中什麼是動名詞