英語六級說明文的寫作方法

　　寫作能較全面地反映一個人的語言水平，故在四、六級英語考試中佔有重要的地位。從現在學生掌握的單詞量和所接受的閱讀訓練來說，六級作文並不難，但有些學生就是寫不好、成績不佳，甚至連八分段也未能進入。究其原因，筆者認為有以下幾個方面的因素：

　　首先談談說明文的結構。

　　和所有其它文章一樣，這種文章也由三部分組成，即開頭段、主題段、結論段。它的特點是往往以一個社會問題或社會現象開頭，中間部分分析原因、列舉影響或危害，最後提出解決問題的建議或者展望未來。即使規定的文章提綱沒有這樣要求，我們最好也要按照這種程式來展開文章。如1998.1月My View on Fake Commodities 按提綱第一段就寫假冒偽劣商品的危害，這樣顯然不符合一般文章的思路，會不倫不類。如果在這之前增加一個引言段，即假冒偽劣商品在中國已經成為嚴重的社會問題，文章看起來就舒服得多。03.12月六級作文Reduce Waste on Campus沒有要求分析原因，但我們完全可以增加對原因的簡單分析。2003.1 It Pays to Be Honest在主體部分要求寫誠實利人利己、怎樣做到誠實，這種提綱顯然也不合適。至少需要把“怎樣做到誠實”放到最後一部分作為建議段。另外，由第一部分“有很多不誠實現象”馬上轉到“誠實利人利己”也嫌突兀，需要在這中間討論不誠實的原因和危害，然後再用by comparison或類似聯結詞過渡到誠實的好處就會比較自然。

　　再來討論說明文的開頭方法。

　　說明文以背景介紹法最為常見。背景介紹法就是從談論話題的相關背景開始，從而給讀者一種心理準備，很自然的匯入對話題的討論。這種方法一般以Nowadays, with the development of society, sth has become increasingly serious 等開頭，常見用詞還有：common, popular, prevalent, rampant 等。

　　還可以用資料法開頭，即用具體的資料來引出要談論的話題。這樣的資料會讓讀者覺得很有說服力。但考試現場我們一般難以找到準確的相關資料，所以02.6月“大學生使用電腦”之類的文章就是讓我們通過對圖表中具體資料的描述來展開文章。很多同學總覺得圖表作文難寫。其實這類文章的開頭高度模式化，常見語言由As can be revealed from the table 等。

　　這類文章還可以用場景描寫開頭。但一般沒有固定模式，需要作者根據具體話題設計一個場景，然後用精彩的語言將這個場景苗栩栩如生地描繪出來，讓讀者如臨其境，從而產生強烈的閱讀慾望。如我在一篇文章中為考生設計的“誠信危機”的開頭

　　Customers falling victims of false commercials; patients losing lives for the effect of shoddy medicines; students caught cheating in exams; scholars found plagiarizing in their writings published. All these are nothing new. What’s alarming is that these phenomena are on the rise these days.***description******下面可列舉原因***

　　當然還有很多其他開頭方法，在此不一一贅述。至於主體和結尾部分，這種文章的寫作模式化也很強。下面就這次考試的題目給大家提供一篇文章供大家參照：

　　Nowadays, it is known to all that China has become a place of rampant pirated products: pirated CDs, pirated VCDs, pirated DVDs, pirated books… They are available everywhere and we are so accustomed to the phenomenon that we won’t feel it strange to see pirated copies of the latest movies even before they are on shown in theatres.

　　The reasons for the phenomenon, which are obvious to all, can be listed as follows:

　　First of all, the price of the products that are pirated is too high that most people cannot afford it. Second, the price of the pirated products is much lower and, in some cases, the pirated product doesn’t necessarily mean low quality. Also playing a part is the local government. Some officials give top priority to economy. They will tolerate, or even encourage, anything so long it can bring them financial income.

　　But the pirated products really do much harm. First, they infringe intellectual property rights. Second, they offend against the rules of the market. As a result of piracy, companies investing in invention will inevitably run bankruptcy and our society will stop where it is. No advance. No progress.

　　In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken: for one thing, it is high time that people all over China realized the harm of piracy; for another, the government should issue strict laws and regulations in order to put the situation under control.