高中英語時態考點歸納?

時態是高考英語的一個十分重要的考點——每年必考,每省必考。綜觀近年來各省市的時態考題情況,我們發現最重要最常考的時態有兩種,它們是現在完成時和過去完成時;次常考的時態有四種,它們是一般現在時、一般過去時、現在進行時和過去進行時;次次常考的時態有五種,它們是一般將來時、過去將來時、將來完成時、完成進行時等。為幫助同學們複習好時態,本文將結合去年高考試題對幾個重要的時態作一簡單歸納和分析。

一、現在完成時考點

現在完成時主要有兩種用法,即持續性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影響性用法(或叫已完成用法)。持續性用法表示動作發生於過去,但在過去並未完成,而是從過去一直持續到現在,此時多半會連用表示持續性的時間狀語;後者指的是動作發生於過去,且在過去已經完成,但這個過去發生的動作對現在有影響,而說話者正好要強調的就是這個影響,此時一般沒有明顯的時間狀語,主要通過上下文來理解。如:

1. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science ______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. (2005廣東卷)

A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing

分析:答案選 B。由表示對照的Years ago和recent可知,“以前不知”,但“現在已經證明了”,所以用現在完成時。

2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. (2005湖北卷)

A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide

分析:答案選B。因賓語從句中的時態是一般將來時,主句中的謂語動詞不可能是過去時態,排除選項A和C;由語境判斷,不是“將要決定”,而是“現在已經決定”,所以排除D,而選B。

另外,同學們還要特別注意以下這些習慣上要與現在完成時連用的短語和句型:so far(到目前為止),since(自從),in [for, during] the past [last]…years(在過去…年中),by now (到現在為止),up to [until] now (到現在為止),It's [will be] the first time that…(第一次……)等。如:

3. My brother is an actor. He _____in several film so far. (2005浙江卷)

A. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing

分析:答案選 C。so far(到目前為止)通常與現在完成時連用。

4. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since 1992. (2005山東卷)

A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed

分析:答案選 B。since 1992這類時間狀語通常與現在完成時連用。主句主語是the country life,句中he was used to是省略了關係代詞that的定語從句。

二、過去完成時考點

過去完成時是一種相對時態,即以某一過去時間作參照,過去完成時表示的動作發生在這一過去時間的更過去,所以我們可以簡單地用“過去的過去”這五個字來理解過去完成時態。如:

1. He _____more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (2005北京卷)

A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned

分析:答案選 D。因為上大學是過去,學了五千個英語單詞是在上大學之前,即“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。

2. When the old man _____ to walk back to his house, the sun _____ itself behind the mountain. (2005湖北卷)

A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden

C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid

分析:答案選 A。根據句意,“開始回房子”發生在過去,“太陽落山”是在“開始回房子”之前,故過去的過去。

3. Father _____for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. (2005福建卷)

A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left

分析:答案選 D。根據“我沒見到他”可知,“在我到達”前“父親已經去倫敦”了,即父親去倫敦發生在“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。

4. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister’s car. (2005廣東卷)

A. has been B. was being C. had been D. would be

分析:答案選 C。因為這個小盒子“被放在部長車下”發生在“引起警察注意”之前,即“過去的過去”,所以用過去完成時。

5. “Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” “Oh ! I thought they _____ without me.” (2005江西卷)

A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone

分析:答案選D。因為thought(原以為)用的是過去時,所以他們“走了”就是“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。

三、一般現在時考點

一般現在時主要表示現在的特徵、狀態、經常性動作或客觀事實等。如:

1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____ the Pacific, and we met no storms. (2005遼寧卷)

A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called

分析:答案選 B。因為這是客觀事實,故用一般現在時。

注:有關一般現在時的另一個考點是,在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,要用一般現在時表示將來意義,而不能直接用將來時態。此時要特別注意的是,命題人有可能會設置形式上與狀語從句相似且容易混淆的賓語從句作為命題切入點。如:

2. “What would you do if it _____tomorrow?” “We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.” (2005全國卷I)

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

分析:答案選 B。即在條件句中用一般現在時表示將來意義。

3. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _____and see him. (2005北京卷)

A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come

分析:答案選 A。when 引導的是賓語從句,不是狀語從句。

四、一般過去時考點

一般過去時主要表示過去某時發生的情況或動作(包括過去習慣性的動作)。如:

1. “If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.” “What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.” (2005湖南卷)

A. is B. was C. would be D. has been

分析:答案選 B。儘管上面一句用的是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣,但後面一句談的卻是發生在過去的一件真實情況,故用一般過去時。

2. Scientists think that the continents _____always where they _____ today. (2005北京卷)

A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were

分析:答案選 C。句意是:科學家認為各大陸並非一直在它們現在所處的位置。既然過去的位置與現在的位置不同,所以談論過去情況用一般過去時。

五、現在進行時考點

現在進行時主要表示現在正在進行或發生的情況或動作。如:

1. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _____? (2005全國卷III)

A. did they speak B. were they speaking

C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking

分析:答案選 C。根據Listen to…可知,speak 這一動作正在進行。

2. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money. (2005湖南卷)

A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning

分析:答案選 D。指贏大獎以來近階段正在發生的事,用現在進行時。

3. “Are you still busy?” “Yes, I _____ my work and it won’t take long.” (2005浙江卷)

A. just finish B. am just finishing

C. have just finished D. am just going to finish

分析:答案選 B。由it won’t take long可知即將做完了,用現在進行時表示即將發生的事;選項D表示“正打算做完”,與句意不符。(from www.nmet168.com)

六、過去進行時考點

過去進行時主要表示過去正在進行或發生的情況或動作。如:

Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she ______. (2005遼寧卷)

A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing

分析:答案選 C。用過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作。因 decided 和didn’t want 都是過去式,排除選項A和D;因“做”發生在“決定”之後,而不是之前,故不能用過去完成時,排除選項B。

七、一般將來時考點

一般將來時主要用於表示在現在看來將要發生的動作或情況。不過值得注意的是,將來時態的表示方法有很多種,如 will (shall)+v.,be going to+

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