英語閱讀文章英漢

　　隨著科學技術的蓬勃發展,閱讀的重要性越來越明顯。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　1

　　3 Food You Thought Were Healthy But Are Not

　　三種其實並不健康的食品

　　It seems that everybody is trying to eat a little bit healthier these days. In fact, our national focus on health and exercise seem to almost have become a national obsession. However, many of us remain ill-equipped to make healthy choices at the grocery store or when going out to eat. The reason so many of us have trouble making choices are that the list of “healthy” foods seems to be constantly changing! Sorry to say, but your view on healthy foods might be altered here once again.

　　近年來，似乎每個人都在嘗試著更健康的飲食。事實上，我們國民對健康和運動的關注幾乎上升到了全民迷戀的程度。然而，我們當中的大多數人仍然不善於在去雜貨店或外出覓食的時候，做出健康的飲食選擇。許多人存在選擇困難症的原因在於——“健康食品”的清單似乎始終都在改變!抱歉地告訴你，你過去那些對健康食品的看法也許會被再次改變。

　　Fruit Juice

　　果汁

　　An apple a day keeps the doctor away. A glass of apple juice a day may contribute to unwanted spikes in blood sugar and weight gain. The primary problem with fruit juices are sugar content. Drinking a glass of juice often has as much sugar as a soda! While you can argue that juice does contain valuable antioxidants that soda does not, you would be better off just eating a piece of fruit. Whole fruit contains fibber which slows down the rate in which we absorb sugar into our blood stream.

　　俗話說：“一天一個蘋果，醫生不來找我。”然而，每天喝一杯蘋果汁可能會導致血糖升高和體重增加。含糖量是果汁最主要的問題，通常一杯果汁所包含的糖分等同於喝一杯汽水!雖然果汁具有汽水所沒有且極具價值的抗氧化功能，但其實吃一片真正的水果會比喝果汁更好。一個水果中富含的纖維可以幫助減緩血液吸收糖分的速度，有助於降低血糖。

　　Breakfast Cereal

　　穀物早餐

　　Breakfast cereal, food you thought were healthy but are not. It seems that every box in the cereal aisle is an advertisement for some new health benefit. Cereal boxes claim to help lower cholesterol while others claim to be heart healthy. Furthermore, most all cereals claim that they provide a mix of essential vitamins and minerals. However, most cereals are sugar laden, refined, processed junk. This includes cereal that claims to be “natural.” To start, the sheer amount of sugar in most breakfast cereals is enough to remove this commodity from any healthy diet. Furthermore, the vitamins that are contained within each box have been added by the manufacturing company. That is, the vitamins are man-made and injected into your cereal. This has actually proven dangerous for children who overdose on these vitamins!

　　穀物類早餐食品其實並不是你想象中的健康食品。超市貨架上每一盒穀物早餐都像是一個有益的健康廣告。穀物早餐打著可以幫助降低膽固醇並有益於心臟健康的旗號，不僅如此，幾乎所有的穀物早餐都宣稱自己富含多樣的維他命和各種微量元素。然而，大多數穀物早餐實際上不過是一些進行過精煉和加工的含糖垃圾食品罷了。這些穀物被稱為“天然食品”。首先，大多穀物早餐中所含的大量糖分就足以使這一商品從健康食品的行列中被剔除出去，除此之外，每盒穀物早餐裡的維生素都是經過加工廠家新增的。也就是說，所謂的維生素都是人為製造並被新增進了你的穀物早餐裡。有證據表明，過量攝入這些維生素會對兒童的生命健康造成危害。

　　Low Fat Yogurt

　　低脂酸奶

　　Low-fat dairy must be better than full-fat dairy, right? Not necessarily. A study in the European Journal of Nutrition found that people who consumed full-fat dairy products were not more likely to be obese or have cardiovascular problems when compared to people who consumed low-fat. The problem with yogurt isn’t the fat. The problem with yogurt is the usual unhealthy culprit – sugar! If purchasing yogurt, look for a brand with no sugar added. You can then add honey or fruit on your own to sweeten it just right.

　　低脂乳製品一定比全脂乳製品更好，真的是這樣嗎?這可不一定。歐洲營養學期刊有一項研究發現，相較於愛吃低脂乳製品的人而言，愛吃全脂乳製品的人並不會更容易變胖或產生心血管問題。酸奶的問題焦點不在於脂肪，導致酸奶問題的罪魁禍首是常見的不健康因素——糖分!如果你是酸奶愛好者，嘗試尋找一些無糖的酸奶品牌。你可以按照自己的喜好去新增蜂蜜或水果等，使其口感更甜，風味更佳。

　　1.in fact 事實上，實際上

　　She carries her age very well. She looks 50 but in fact she's more than 60 .

　　她不顯老，她看上去像50歲，其實已經60多了。

　　2.slow down 減速，放慢速度;使……慢下來

　　Before turning, you should slow down your car.

　　轉彎前，你得先減速。

　　3.contribute to 有助於;捐獻;帶來，促成

　　This is another example of how the partnership with SAP helps contribute to a better version of DB2 for everyone.

　　這是另一個例子，說明了與 SAP 的合作關係如何有助於為 DB2 的更好版本做出貢獻。

　　4.to start 開始

　　Fighting is to start at 5 o'clock.Please regulate your watch.

　　戰鬥將於上午五時開始。請對準錶。

　　2

　　Broccoli Could Give You an Even Bigger Health Boost

　　西蘭花可能更有益於健康

　　Already known for its super health benefits, scientists have found a way to give broccoli even more of a boost, by identifying the genes which control the vegetable's phenolic compounds.

　　西蘭花早就已有益於健康而聞名，科學家近來通過確定控制該蔬菜酚類化合物的基因，發現了讓西蘭花更有益於健康的方法。

　　Phenolic compounds are beneficial to health thanks to their levels of flavonoids, which spread through the body via the bloodstream, reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of coronary heart disease, type II diabetes, asthma, and several types of cancer.

　　由於酚類化合物含有黃酮類化合物成分，因此有益於人體健康。黃酮類化合物通過血液傳播分散在身體各處，可減少炎症、降低得冠心病、2型糖尿病、哮喘和幾種癌症的風險。

　　As the body doesn't make flavonoids itself, they must be consumed through diet, with recommendations suggesting eating broccoli or other cruciferous vegetable every three or four days to reap the health benefits, with the vegetables alsoretaining their health-promoting nutrients even when cooked.

　　由於身體自身不會分泌黃酮類化合物，所以必須通過飲食攝入。有人建議每3-4天可以吃一次西蘭花或其它的十字花科蔬菜，以使身體健康，這些蔬菜即使燒熟了也能保持促進身體健康的營養成分。

　　Now however researchers from the University of Illinois have found genes that control the accumulation of phenolic compounds in broccoli, an important discovery for breeding broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables such as kale and cabbage with mega-doses of phenolic compounds for extra health benefits.

　　然而，現在伊利諾伊大學的研?a href='//' target='_blank'>咳嗽泵且丫?⑾至宋骼薊ㄖ鋅刂品永嗷?銜錁奐?幕?頡Ｕ舛暈骼薊ê透世兌約盎ú說仁?只?剖卟說吶嚶?此凳譴沃卮蠓⑾鄭?蛭?蠹亮康姆永嗷?銜鍩岫隕硤褰】擋??鍆庖媧Α?/p>

　　"Phenolic compounds have good antioxidant activity, and there is increasing evidence that this antioxidant activity affects biochemical pathways affiliated with inflammation in mammals. We need inflammation because it's a response to disease or damage, but it's also associated with initiation of a number of degenerative diseases. People whose diets consist of a certain level of these compounds will have a lesser risk of contracting these diseases," explains University of Illinois geneticist Jack Juvik.

　　酚類化合物具備很好的抗氧化性質，有越來越多的證據表明這些抗氧化性質會影響生化途徑，而生化途徑與哺乳動物的炎症相關。我們需要炎症，因為炎症是疾病或身體損傷的一種反應，但同時它也與一系列的退化性疾病相關。伊利諾伊大學的遺傳學家Jack Juvik解釋道：“那些飲食中含有一定程度酚類化合物的人，患這些疾病的風險會更小。”

　　"It's going to take awhile," Juvik added referring to the possibility of a breeding program to boost the levels of phenolic compounds, "This work is a step in that direction, but is not the final answer. We plan to take the candidate genes we identified here and use them in a breeding program to improve the health benefits of these vegetables. Meanwhile, we'll have to make sure yield, appearance, and taste are maintained as well."

　　“這將需要一段時間，”Juvik補充道，他指的是促進酚類化合物水平的培育計劃，“本工作朝著那個方向邁進了一步，但這並不是最後一步。在培育計劃中，我們打算使用在這邊確定的候選基因，以提升這些蔬菜的健康益處。同時我們要確保收成、外觀和味道保持不變。”

　　Juvik's latest research, published this month in the journal Molecular Breeding, follows his earlier 2014 research which resulted in a new natural and inexpensive way of producing a broccoli with a longer shelf life and even more health benefits.

　　繼早前2014年的研究成果後，Juvik將最新的研究結果釋出在了本月Molecular Breeding雜誌上。2014年的研究使得西蘭花的培育方式既自然又便宜，同時在貨架上的擺放時間更長，而且還更有益於身體健康。

　　3

　　水稻和小麥是如何分裂世界的

　　Scientists have long wondered why the U.S. andEurope are so culturally different to China and other countries in Eastern Asia.

　　讓科學家一直以來都疑惑不解的是為什麼歐美與中國以及東亞國家在文化上如此不同。

　　Now one study claims the answer lies in anunexpected area: the different farming methods usedby people living in theEast and West.

　　一項研究所得出的答案令人出乎意料：東西方不同的農耕方式導致了不同的文化。

　　While Westerners are known for theirindividualism and analytical thinking, eastern culturetends to beinterdependent and holistic, the study claims.

　　西方人以個人主義和分析思維著名，而東方文化傾向於互相依賴和整體，這是一項研究多得出的結果。

　　Theories explaining the differences have included wealth and education fuellingindividualism inthe West, and high rates of infectious disease in the Eastcausing people to be wary ofoutsiders.

　　有些理論認為東西方之所以存在差異的原因在於西方的財富和教育助長了個人主義，而東方傳染疾病的高發導致人們提防外來者。

　　But the real reason may simply be the waypeople at both ends of the world cultivate rice andwheat, say the scientists.

　　但是科學家說真正的原因可能僅在於東西方在種植水稻和小麥上存在的差異。

　　Paddy rice cannot be grown without ample supplies of water, forcing neighboursto worktogether to irrigate their crops.

　　水稻的生長需要足夠的水資源，所以鄰里之間需要相互合作來灌溉農作物。

　　It is also highly labour-intensive,requiring about twice the number of hours from planting toharvest as doeswheat.

　　而且是勞動密集型的，從種植到收穫，水稻所花的時間大約是小麥所需時間的兩倍。

　　Wheat farmers, in contrast, can rely on the rain and operate much moreindependently.

　　形成鮮明對比的是，種植小麥的農民可以依靠雨水來灌溉，而且在操作上更具獨立性。

　　To test their theory, the scientistsassessed known measures of individualism and collectivismin 1,000 people fromdifferent regions of Chinawhere rice and wheat are grown.

　　為了驗證自己的理論，科學家們評估了中國各個水稻和小麥種植區的1000名中國人的個人主義和集體主義傾向。

　　The results, published in the journalScience, showed distinct psychological differences thatmirrored those betweenthe East and West.

　　結果釋出在了《科學》雜誌上，顯現出了獨特的心理差異，正好反映了東、西方的區別。

　　‘It’s easy to think of China as a single culture,’ said lead researcherThomas Talhelm, from theUniversity of Virginia.

　　“我們很容易就認為中國是個單一文化，”來自弗吉尼亞大學的領頭研究員Thomas Talhelm說。

　　‘But we found that China has very distinct northern and southernpsychological cultures andthat southern China’shistory of rice farming can explain why people in southern China aremoreinterdependent than people in the wheat-growing north.

　　“但是我們發現中國南北的心理文化是不同的，中國南方的水稻種植歷史可以解釋為什麼中國南方人比種植小麥的北方人更加互相依賴。”

　　‘The data suggests that legacies of farmingare continuing to affect people in the modernworld.’

　　“這些資料表明農耕文化依然對現代人產生影響。”