用英語說中國石器時代

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　　：General概況

　　Stone Age

　　石器時代

　　General

　　概況

　　According to the materials unearthed for archaeological studies,

　　根據考古研究所發掘的資料，

　　for example, stone artifacts and fire remnants left 1 700 000 years ago and unearthed in Yuanmou, Yunnan Province in 1965,

　　例如1965年在雲南省元謀縣發現的1700000年前遺留下的石器與火堆殘留物，

　　the earliest known ancients in China were Yuanmouensis.

　　元謀人是中國已知最早的遠古居民。

　　The fossil remains of Sinanthropus Lantianensis, Sinanthropus, Pekinensis, Dingcun Man and Upper Cave Man constitute the complete developing sequences of China's ancient culture.

　　藍田人、北京人、丁村人和山頂洞人的化石殘餘構成了中國遠古文化發展的完整歷程。

　　About ten thousand years ago, the ancient Chinese culture departed from the Paleo¬lithic era and entered the Neolithic Age.

　　大約10000年前，中華古文化從舊石器時代進入了新石器時代。

　　：Paleolithic Age 舊石器時代

　　Stone Age

　　石器時代

　　Paleolithic Age

　　舊石器時代

　　Paleolithic Age began around 3000000 BC.

　　舊石器時代大約從公元前3000000年開始。

　　During this period human beings underwent a long and slow course of physical evolution:

　　在這段時期，人類經歷了一場漫長而緩慢的體格進化：

　　first, from ape-man to Homo erectus, than passing through earlier and later stages of Homo sapiens,

　　首先從猿人進化成為直立人，接著經過早期和晚期的智人，

　　to the emergence of modem humans having a similar bodi¬ly makeup as that of humans today.

　　最終成為擁有和今天的人類相似體型的現代人。

　　During the Paleolithic Age, people were primarily nomadic hunters and gatherers, collecting fruit and fishing.

　　在舊石器時代，人們主要是遊牧獵人和群居者，收集果子還有捕魚。

　　While living in groups and dwelling in caves, they knew about and used fire for heating and cooking.

　　當過著群居生活並居住在山洞裡時，他們知道並學會了用火來去暖和做飯。

　　Their first introduction to fire was in the forest where lightning strikes had caused wild¬fires.

　　他們對火的最初印象來自於由雷擊在森林裡所引起的火災。

　　At first the cave dwellers took coals from the forest home to make other fires.

　　一開始，生活在山洞裡的人們從森林中將木炭帶回家裡來製造火。

　　Later they learned ways to start their own fire by developing methods to catch sparks from drilling wood or rubbing two pieces of flint stone together.

　　後來，他們學會了其他方法來製造他們自己的火，比如開發方法鑽木取火或是將兩塊打火石放在一起摩擦。

　　Fire played a significant role in the evolvement of human civilization.

　　火在人類文明的進化中起到了重要的作用。

　　It not only provided lighting, heat and protection from wild beasts, but also enabled them to cook food to be better nourished.

　　它不僅提供了電、熱和免於被野獸傷害的保護

　　Fire dramatically changed the living habits of primitive people,

　　火徹底地改變了原始人類的生活習慣，

　　much like how the use of the Internet in today’s world has changed our methods of communication.

　　就像是網際網路改變了如今人們的交流方式那樣。

　　The early implements of the cave dwellers were thick and clumsy having been crudely made by hand-striking.

　　山洞居住者早期的工具非常笨重，是由他們手工敲打出的粗糙製品。

　　There were only a few kinds available having very basic purposes.

　　這其中只有很少一些具有基本的用途。

　　As man's knowledge and skills gradually increased,

　　當人類的知識和技能不斷增加，

　　they had learned the art of polishing stones for better quality and had developed a variety of tools,

　　他們學會了通過打磨石頭獲取更優質量的技藝並並且開發了許多工具

　　making not only stone articles and animal bone needles, but also bows and arrows,

　　——不僅有石器和動物骨頭做出的針，還有弓和箭，

　　a set of devices for spear hurling and an awl for punching holes.

　　一系列用於投擲的矛以及用於打洞的鑽子。

　　：Neolithic Age 新石器時代

　　Stone Age

　　石器時代

　　Neolithic Age

　　新石器時代

　　Neolithic Age is applied in China to the last period of a long prehistory.

　　新石器時代在中國一直持續到漫長史前史的最後一個時期。

　　It began in 5000 B.C. and lasted about 3000 years.

　　它開始於公元前5000年，歷經了大約3000年。

　　It is defined by a large number of settled agricultural communities who were skilled in hunting and gathering as well.

　　它被定義為一大群擁有打獵和聚居共同技能且以農業為主的定居社會。

　　The largest concentration of agriculture stood below the southern bend of the Yellow River and the main crop was millet.

　　農業最集中的地方在黃河南部河套地區，主要的農作物是粟。

　　There was much difference between Neolithic era and nowadays in geography.

　　新石器時代和今天在地理上有很大不同。

　　In Neolithic era, most of areas were covered with lakes and marshes and the climate was warm and moist.

　　在新石器時代，大部分的土地都被湖泊和沼澤覆蓋，氣候溫暖而溼潤。

　　The mountains were well forested and there was a variety of animals.

　　山脈間樹木繁盛，有許許多多的動物。

　　Before this time period began, Silk production, for which China is fa¬mous, had already been invented.

　　在這個時期開始之前，讓中國聞名的絲綢製造已經被髮明。

　　Pottery was also present at the same time, which has two main types, Painted Pottery and Black Pottery.

　　陶藝在那時也已經存在了，它分為兩類——彩陶和黑陶。

　　The dwellings of this time were in clusters that suggest kinship was important.

　　這一時期的居住為聚居，表明了家屬關係是很重要的。

　　Clothing was made of hemp and the main domesticated animals were pigs and dogs.

　　衣服是麻制的，豬和狗是主要的家養動物。