醫學專業英語文章翻譯

　　健康,已成為當今全球性的四大問題之一其它三個是:能源、人口和環境生態。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

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　　低頭黨注意啦：常常玩手機的八大風險!

　　1. Cyber Sickness

　　暈屏症

　　Also called "digital motion sickness," symptoms that range from headaches to woozy feelings can occur when you quickly scroll on your smart phone or watch action-packed video on your screen.

　　這種病也被稱為“數字暈車”，症狀包括頭痛、甚至出現頭昏眼花的感覺，這種病可能會發生在你快速刷屏或者看讓人覺得很刺激的視訊的時候。

　　The sensation results from a mismatch between sensory inputs, Steven Rauch, medical director of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Balance and Vestibular Center and a professor of otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, told the New York Times.

　　這種感覺是由感官輸入的不匹配引起的，馬薩諸塞州眼科顧問、來自哈佛大學醫學院耳鼻喉科的教授史蒂芬·勞奇對《紐約時報》說道。

　　“Your sense of balance is different than other senses in that it has lots of inputs,” he said. “When those inputs don’t agree, that’s when you feel dizziness and nausea.” In other words, you experience a "sensory conflict" when you see an active motion but don't physically feel it.

　　“與其他感官不同，當有大量資訊輸入時，人的平衡感會發生改變。”他說，“當輸入無效的時候，你就會感到頭暈甚至噁心。”換句話說，當你看到一種主動行為而身體卻沒辦法感受到的時候，你就會有一種“感官衝突”的感覺。

　　Digital motion sickness can happen to anyone, though studies reveal the affliction effects more women than men. Those who have a history of migraines are also more susceptible.

　　數字暈車這種病在任何人的身上都有可能發生，研究表明，就這種病的發病率而言，女性比男性更高。那些有偏頭痛病史的人也同樣容易的患這種病。

　　2. Text Claw

　　手機依賴症

　　Avid texters and Candy Crush enthusiasts may be subject to text claw, the unofficial term for soreness and cramping felt in the fingers, wrist and forearm after heavy smartphone use. Any specific motor activity can cause pain in the tendons and muscles when done repeatedly, so if you're always on your phone, it makes sense to feel discomfort in your hands and forearm.

　　拇指族或者玩太多的糖果大冒險遊戲的人都容易得手機依賴症。所謂“手機依賴症”，是對玩手機過多而導致手指、手腕和前臂疼痛甚至出現痙攣的非官方說法。任何不斷重複的機械動作都會使經脈跟肌肉感到疼痛。所以如果你還是整天玩手機的話，那你的手跟手臂痠痛就說得通了。

　　There's not much to be done for preventing the pain unless you'd like to stop using your devices!, but there are ways to alleviate it. Hand stretches, massage and hot/cold treatment can help.

　　對於這種痛沒有什麼補救辦法除非你別用那些裝置了!，但是有很多辦法可以減輕。手部拉伸與按摩以及冷熱處理都能有所幫助。

　　3. Eye Strain

　　眼睛疲勞

　　Do you stare at a screen for hours on end? If you're reading this, you very well might. Any activity that requires active use of your eyes -- driving, reading and writing included -- cancause eye fatigue. Staring at your digital devices for long periods of time can lead to sore, irritated and dry eyes, headaches and fatigue, which, in turn, can decrease your productivity. In most cases, eye strain is not a serious issue and can be rectified with "screen breaks," or just taking some time out from the Google machine.

　　你是不是會一直盯著手機螢幕好幾個小時?如果你會的話， 你很可能會眼睛疲勞。任何活動都需要用到眼睛，比如開車、讀書還有寫東西，這些都會導致眼睛疲勞。長時間盯著你的電子裝置會導致眼睛痠痛、發炎、乾澀、頭痛以及疲勞，從而降低你的生產能力。大部分情況下，眼睛疲勞並不會太嚴重，並且不看螢幕了就會得到緩解，或者只要遠離谷歌裝置一會兒就好了。

　　Experts suggest taking screen breaks every 20 minutes. For 20 seconds, let your eyes scan the room or look out the window and, if they're feeling extra dry, lubricate them with some eye drops.

　　專家建議每20分鐘休息一次，停止看螢幕。用20秒鐘來看看你的房間或者窗外，如果你還覺得眼睛有點乾澀的話，再滴兩滴眼藥水。

　　4. Text Neck

　　簡訊脖

　　Similar to the claw, text neck -- discomfort in the neck and spine -- happens when you spend long periods of time looking down at your smartphone.“It is an epidemic or, at least, it’s very common,” Kenneth Hansraj, chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, told The Washington Post. “Just look around you, everyone has their heads down.” We're certainly in an era of smartphone obsession.

　　簡訊脖跟手機依賴症有點相似，即指頸部跟脊椎的不適，是由於你長時間看手機而導致的。“這是一種流行性的，或者說，至少是很常見的病，” 紐約脊柱外科和康復醫學科的主任醫師肯尼斯·罕斯拉傑對華盛郵報說道：“看看你周圍，每個人都低著個頭。”我們已經處在一個對手機極度痴迷的時代了。

　　And according to expert calculations, the angle at which our big heads look down forces our spine to bear the weight of approximately 60 pounds. The habit may lead to people requiring medical spine care at a younger age. Being mindful of how far your neck bends when you're on your phone -- and bending it back to an upright position -- can help reduce the risk of text neck.

　　而據專家測算，我們的頭向下看的角度迫使我們的脊柱承受了大約60磅的重量。這個習慣可能會導致人們年輕的時候就已經需要脊柱治療了。看手機的時候想象你的脖子有多彎曲，然後回到直立狀態，這能幫助你減少得簡訊脖的風險。

　　5. Phantom Vibe

　　震動幻覺

　　If you've ever imagined your phone going off in your pocket, you've experienced phantom phone vibrations. The phenomenon is incredibly common: One 2012 study revealed that 90 percent of college students experienced the non-existent vibration. Experiencing fake vibes on a routine basis mirrors a kind of compulsive behavior, and can sometimes hint at feelings of anxiety.

　　如果你曾經想象過如果口袋裡的手機響了，那你就已經體驗過手機虛幻震動了。這種現象非常的常見：2012年的一項研究表明90%的大學生都經歷過這種根本就不存在的幻覺。在日常中生活中出現這種幻震反映了一種強迫行為，並且有時會激起你的焦慮感。

　　Reduce these uncomfortable feelings by taking some breaks from your phone: While most of us have our phones nearby for all of our waking hours, doing so is not a necessity for survival. Consider scheduling time to go off the grid and live phone free and set some boundaries for moments and spaces where devices are not welcome. Doing so will keep the ghosts out of your pants.

　　別玩手機了，休息一會兒能幫你減輕這種不適感：我們大多數人在清醒的時候都會把手機放在身邊，這樣做並不是生存所必須的。考慮一下，安排時間去玩個失蹤，遠離手機，空出一些遠離電子裝置的時間或者空間。這樣做才會讓你不再出現幻覺。

　　6. Damaged sperm

　　損傷精子

　　Heat from laptops may damage sperm, according to some research. Notably, in one study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, researchers found that storing sperm samples under a laptop decreased their motility, or ability to move, and led to more DNA damage -- both factors that could hurt the chances of reproduction -- than samples stored normally.

　　一些研究表明，膝上型電腦產生的熱量可能會損害到精子。值得注意的是其中一項刊登在《生育與不育》雜誌上的研究，研究者們發現，相對正常儲存的精子樣本來說，在筆記本環境下儲存的精子樣本能動性或者說活動能力降低了，並且導致更多的DNA被破壞了。這兩種因素都能影響生殖機率。

　　7. Pedestrian safety

　　行人安全

　　Pedestrian fatalities are on the rise because too many smartphone users engage in distracted walking. While focused on the cyber world, many of us can lose reality of the physical one: Researchers say distracted walkers take more time to cross the street and are more likely to neglect traffic lights while less likely to look both ways. Elemental pedestrian safety knowledge is compromised by technology, and the risks are scary. To avoid injury or worse, put your phone away until you've reached a safe spot.

　　行人死亡人數持續上升，因為太多的手機使用者走路的時候還在看手機。專注於網路世界的我們會遺忘這個有形世界的現實：研究者說分心的行人要花更長的時間來過馬路，同時更容易忽視紅綠燈並且不會去看路的兩邊。基本的行人安全知識在科技面前都沒用，風險太可怕了。為了避免受傷或是更壞的結果，直到抵達安全的地方之前，請把你手機放在口袋裡。

　　8. Overeating

　　暴飲暴食

　　It's not necessarily the phone itself that can lead to overeating, but a person's digital food porn habit. Research shows that looking at images of caloric food can incite cravings and a person's desire to eat. If you're fallen victim to this diet trap, you might consider unsubscribing to accounts that frequently post irresistible images.

　　其實並不一定是手機本身讓人暴飲暴食，而是一個人在玩數字裝置時產生飲食慾望的習慣。研究表明，看著那些高熱量食物的圖片能夠激起人們對食物的慾望。如果你正是這種飲食陷阱的受害者的話，你應該要考慮解除安裝那些頻繁發一些讓人無法抗拒的圖片的軟體了。

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　　科學解讀“鬼壓床，看完再也不怕了!

　　你有沒有睡覺的時候突然有了知覺但是身體不能動的時候?也就是民間所謂的“鬼壓床”?鬼壓床在午休和晚間睡眠時都可能發生。其實，這種情形跟鬼怪根本無關，在醫學上有一個正規的學名：睡眠癱瘓症。所幸這種情形多半在幾分鐘內會自己慢慢地或突然地恢復肢體的動作。

　　Sleep paralysis episodes typically occur either early in the night, as someone is falling asleep, or towards the end of the night, as someone is waking up. Stressful life events, anxiety, sleep quality and genetics are all linked to it.

　　睡眠癱瘓症通常發生在晚間剛入睡時，或者凌晨正要甦醒時。生活壓力、焦慮情緒、睡眠質量、以及基因遺傳都與之相關。

　　In a recent UK study, nearly 30 per cent of respondents said that they had experienced at least one episode of sleep paralysis in their lifetime.

　　在英國最近的一次調查中，近30%的受訪者稱曾經經歷過至少一次睡眠癱瘓症。

　　While sleep paralysis can be a terrifying ordeal to go through, those who do experience it should try to remember that it is a temporary and harmless event.

　　儘管睡眠癱瘓症是一種令人恐懼的經歷，但曾發作過的人們應該記住，睡眠癱瘓症是暫時性的，而且對身體無害。

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　　父母管束過多，會造成孩子終生心理創傷

　　Parents who exert too much control over their children could be causing them lifelong psychological damage, according to a study which tracked a group of people born in the 1940s until the present day.

　　一項針對上世紀40年代生人的跟蹤調查顯示，父母對子女管束過多可能會對下一代造成終生的心理傷害。

　　Researchers found that people who reported their parents had intruded on their privacy in childhood or encouraged dependence were more likely to have low scores in surveys of happiness and general wellbeing carried out in their teens, their 30s, their 40s and even their 60s.

　　研?a href='//' target='_blank'>咳嗽狽⑾鄭?切┍硎就?曄北桓改蓋址腹??交蟣還睦?覽蹈改傅牡韃槎韻螅?謁?喬嗌倌曄逼凇?0多歲、40多歲甚至60多歲時進行的總體幸福感測試中得低分的可能性更大。

　　The negative impact on wellbeing was comparable in scale to that observed in people who have suffered a bereavement, experts from University College London UCL said.

　　倫敦大學學院的專家表示，家長控制慾過強對幸福感造成的負面影響與痛失至親對人們產生的負面影響程度相近。

　　In contrast, people who said their parents were more caring, warm and responsive to their needs tended to be more content well into adulthood.

　　相比之下，那些說父母關愛體貼、積極響應他們需求的調查物件在成年後往往更心滿意足。

　　The findings are the culmination of a survey which has tracked more than 5,000 people since their birth in 1946. It is well-established that childhood influences can have profound effect on the developing brain, but this is one of the first studies that have attempted to measure their impact over such a long period of time.

　　通過對5000餘名1946年生人進行長期的跟蹤調查，研究人員得出了上述結果。眾所周知，兒童時期的經歷對發育中的大腦會產生深遠的影響。不過，這個研究是針對這種影響進行時間跨度這麼大的先驅之一。

　　Information on parenting styles was only available from the study participants themselves, who were asked to recall their childhoods when in their 40s, and may therefore suffer from a degree of so-called recall bias – unhappy people may be more likely to depict their parents as controlling.

　　有關父母育兒方式的資訊全部由研究參與者提供， 40多歲的他們被要求回憶童年，可能會出現一定程度的所謂“回憶偏倚”——不幸福的人更可能將他們的父母描述為控制慾強的人。

　　However the researchers said the findings chimed with previous studies which have shown that children who are able to form secure emotional bonds with parents are more likely to have secure, happy relationships later in life.

　　然而，研究者也表示，這項調查的發現與過往研究結論是吻合的。過往研究發現，能夠跟父母建立起牢固的情感紐帶的孩子，日後感情關係穩固、幸福的可能性更大。

　　“Parents also give us stable base from which to explore the world while warmth and responsiveness has been shown to promote social and emotional development,” said Dr Mai Stafford, of the Medical Research Council’s MRC Lifelong Health and Ageing unit at UCL.

　　UCL醫學研究協會Medical Research Council，MRC終生健康與老齡化部門的梅•斯塔福德Mai Stafford博士說：“家長還為我們提供了穩固的大本營，我們以此為基礎探索世界。而關愛和體察他人需求已被證明可以推動社交和情感發展。”

　　“By contrast, psychological control can limit a child’s independence and leave them less able to regulate their own behaviour.”

　　“相比之下，心理上的控制會削弱孩子的自立與自律能力。”

　　Examples of psychologically controlling behaviour identified by the study included invasions of children’s privacy and an unwillingness to let children make their own decisions, and fostering dependence upon one or both parents.

　　研究指出的心理控制行為包括侵犯孩子隱私、不願意讓孩子自己做決定以及助長孩子對父母的依賴。

　　Separately, study participants were asked about behavioural control, which included elements of parenting that involve not letting children get their own way: for example, not always allowing them to go out as often as they would like. No links with psychological wellbeing were observed in relation to this kind of parenting.

　　另外，研究參與者也被問及了行為控制，其中涉及到拒絕孩子自己做主的育兒方式，比如不允許孩子時常外出。研究未發現這類育兒方式與孩子的心理健康有關。

　　Dr Stafford said that the study did not seek to blame parents.

　　斯塔福德博士說，研究並不意在指責父母。

　　“Parents are vitally important to the mental wellbeing of future generations,” she said. “Policies to reduce economic and other pressures on parents could help them to foster better relationships with their children.” Previous research has shown a clear link between economic stress in parents and poorer early child development.

　　她說：“父母對後代的心理健康發展至關重要。減少父母經濟等方面的壓力的政策有助於他們改善與子女的關係。”此前有研究表明，家長承受的經濟壓力與孩子糟糕的早期發育有明顯的聯絡。