本科英語論文代筆

　　在現代社會發展中,專業英語人才的需求十分迫切,由此本科教育中要加強對學生應用能力的培養,尤其在本科英語的教育方面,英語學習的一個重要目標就是培養學生能夠熟練地掌握英語進行聽、說、讀、寫的能力,因此,教師在本科英語的教學中,需要加以突出這方面能力的培養。下文是小編為大家蒐集整理的關於的內容，歡迎大家閱讀參考!

　　篇1

　　淺析冬奧會會徽的多模態話語

　　摘要：本文以克瑞斯和和凡勒文的視覺語法為理論框架，選取從 1924 年至 2018 年共 23 屆冬奧會會徽作為分析樣本，定性定量分析相結合，從三個意義著手，探討不同社會符號和模態怎樣共同構建意義，以及主辦國與主辦城市的文化，地理特徵，精神是怎樣傳達的。

　　1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

　　1.1 Background of the Research

　　Language is an important part of our lives. Many scholars have been studyinglanguage for a long time, which is the dominant expression of meaning. Discourseanalysis theory was put forward by Harris in the early 1950s. It is concerned withlanguage and the relations between language and context in which it lies. Since then,discourse analysis has become a hot point of research. People produce texts to get amessage across, to express ideas and beliefs, to explain something, to get other peopleto do certain things. We can refer to this complex of communicative purposes as thediscourse that underlines the text and motivates its production in the first place.Scholars all around the world came up with theories and methods from differentperspectives.However, with the rapid development of society, technology and the mass media,the simple texts cannot satisfy the needs of readers. Many other multimodal modes likeimages, colors, sounds and actions come into exist to express meaning. Lim 2004, P.52 said that we live in a multimodal society. Thus, it is necessary to change frommonomodality to multimodality. Social semiologists argue that except language, othersemiotic systems are also the source of meaning. Multimodality refers to the variousways in which a number of distinct semiotic resource systems are both co-deployed andco-contextualized in the making of a text-specific meaning' Baldry & Thibau It, 2006,P. 21. Multimodal discourse analysis aims to explore the correlation and integration ofthe representational, interactive and textual meanings realized by different semioticresources. People gradually realize the importance of multimodal discourse, andcategorize it as a separate academic field to carry out research.

　　1.2 Research Purpose and Significance

　　Winter Olympic emblems consist of images, words, colors, etc. which are typicalmultimodal discourses according to Kress and Van Leeuwen's Visual Grammar VG1996, 2006. This study chooses Winter Olympic emblems as objects of multimodaldiscourse analysis and aims to put forward a model for the analysis of these emblems.It hopes to shed further light on the research of multimodal discourse analysis.We can discuss the significance of this study from the theoretical perspective andthe practical perspective.In terms of theoretical significance, what should be taken into consideration first isKress and Van Leeuwen. This study could expand the definition of discourse and enrichour comprehension on MDA by integrating language and other meaning resources.Second, through the research process, we could verify the feasibility and practicabilityof applying Visual Grammar into appreciating the meaning of Winter Olympic emblems.Third, by interpreting the relationship between language and other modality forms, thisstudy provides support for the future study on discourse analysis of emblems.As for the practical significance, by integrating various social semiotics includingimages, colors and words, this research provides a new angle for interpreting the designof emblems. It could help readers better understand the social meanings and functionsof language as well as multimodal modes. In addition, the proposal of the model,suitable for the multimodal discourse analysis of emblems, provides a morecomprehensive perspective of appreciating emblems by analyzing the integrated effectsof different modalities.

　　2 CHAPTER TWO literature review

　　In the last chapter, we’ve mentioned that multimodal discourse analysis hasbecome a heat point. Thus, researches on it are irresistible. Scholars at home and abroadhave done studies on multimodality and MDA. In this chapter, these will be reviewed.Then, the studies of Olympic emblems will be presented. At last, some comments ofthese studies will be made.

　　2.1 Multimodality

　　The development of monomodality can no longer satisfy the needs and demands ofmass media and audiences. It is replaced by semiotics such as images, colors, soundsetc. Then multimodality comes into exist and grows rapidly. The high-tech products areeffective tools for the spreading and expressing of multimodality.The term “multimodality” is put forward by Van Leeuwen and Jewitt in Handbookof Visual Analysis in 2001 and it underlines the importance of considering semioticssuch as language, color, image and sound. It is widely discussed by western linguists.For the definition of multimodality, many researchers have given differentopinions. Here are some definitions.Van Leeuwen 2005, p. 281 defines multimodality in his Introducing SocialSemiotics as “multimodality means the combination of different semiotic modes-forexample, language and music-in a communicative artifact or event”.Multimodality, in the mind of Scollon and Levine 2004, refers to themultimodalities used in the communication such as color, taste, speech and image.Multimodality refers to the diverse ways in which a number of distinct semioticresource systems are both co-deployed and co-contextualized in the making oftext-specific meaning. Baldry &Thibault, 2006, p. 21Machin 2007 describes multimodality as the grammar of visual communicationthat is used by image designers.

　　2.2 Multimodal Discourse Analysis

　　Only by language, what is expressed may not be understood comprehensively. Inthis sense, communication should be achieved by several senses of hearing, seeing andfeeling. A variety of means and symbols are involved to exchange information andexpress meaning. If readers want to know how these semiotics including language arecombined to express meanings and intentions, multimodal discourse analysis is neededin this situation.Two standards are put forward by Zhu Yongsheng in 2007. They aim todifferentiate multimodal discourse from mono modal discourse. The first one is howmany kinds of modalities are involved. This is a general principle in linguistic field.2116Monomodal discourse has only one modality while two or more modalities are used inmultimodal discourse or bimodal discourse. The second one is semiotic mode. Somediscourses have one modality but more than two semiotic modes. For example, comicstrips only have visual modality, but language and pictures are two semiotic modes.They are also regarded as multimodal discourse. Multimodal discourse is systematicand multifunctional.In this mass media society, scholars both at home and abroad have realized thelimitations of monomodality and a series of introductory research works onmultimodality have come into existence.

　　3 CHAPTER FOUR MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSISOF WINTER OLYMPIC EMBLEMS

　　VG and its three meanings have been introduced in details in the last chapter, Inthis chapter, taking into account the importance of Winter Olympic emblems, VG isused to analyze 23 emblems to find out how they combine verbal and visual modalitiesto convey social value and cultural meaning.

　　3.1 Winter Olympic Games and Emblems

　　Winter Olympic Games belong to Olympic Games. It is a worldwide sports gamethat is held every four years. Organized by IOC International Olympic Committee,Winter Olympic Games have been held for more than 90 years since 1924. Although itsreputation is not as good as Summer Olympic games, it still has its own charming.What’s more, Beijing China is the hosting place of the 24th Games. It will be the firstcity to hold both Summer and Winter Olympic Games. This is the unparalleled honor ofChina, but the correct choice of IOC. Here we can see that not only the publicity of thisgame is rising, but the strength and power of China is on the increase.The idea of Winter Olympic Games was put forward in 1901. However, somecountries did not vote for it. Until 1924, the first game was held in Chamonix France.Until 2014, there are total 22 games. The last was held in Sochi in 2014.The winter sports are developed with the work and life of the people who live inthe area surrounded by ice and snow. Norway is good at these sports. Other countriessuch as Japan, Canada all have a longhistory of skiing. According to the historicalmaterial, the earliest skiing in China can be traced back to the Sui and Tang dynasty.Before these games went into the arena, some European countries established the skiingarmy due to the geographical condition. After the World War II, skiing stood for elegantand luxury. Skating is another part of winter games. It can date back to more than 2000years. In Qing dynasty, skating was an entertainment for Royalty.

　　4 CONCLUSION

　　In the last four chapters, the author introduces the background, significance,purpose of the study. Then literature review and theoretical framework are introduced.The former chapter analyzed 23 Winter Olympic emblems with VG. It is the mostimportant part of this study. In this chapter, major findings of this study will be made.Then some limitations of present study as well as suggestions for further study areproposed.The Visual Grammar, which is extended from the Functional Grammar, is thetheoretical framework of this study. This study conducts a multimodal analysis of the 23Winter Olympic emblems, laying emphasis on the three meanings of image in VisualGrammar respectively, namely representational meaning, interactive meaning andcompositional meaning. It analyzes the Winter Olympic emblems as a whole ofmulti-semiotics. It proves that Visual Grammar is practical in analyzing emblems.According to the above analysis we can find two findings as , the study endeavors to select abundant emblems to prove that the threemetafunction meanings combine to construct meaning. It proves the feasibility andapplicability of VG to analyze emblems. For the representational meaning, vectors areformed by some participants to generate a communication with the viewers in thenarrative process. Conceptual process represents the style, structure and meaning of theimages. Social reality is described in this process. For the interactive meaning, contact,social distance, perspective and modality are integrated to generate interaction betweenthe represented participant and the interactive participant. For the compositionalmeaning, information value, salience and framing produce a meaningful whole.

　　篇2

　　淺析概念隱喻視角下中英文詩歌中“月亮”隱喻的比較

　　摘要：本文通過對中國公司簡介在篇際互文性視角下進行批評性體裁分析，開拓了體裁分析的研究範圍，並對讀者們的批評性分析閱讀具有一定的指導意義。

　　Chapter One Introduction

　　1.1 Introduction

　　As is known to all, the profile in the website of a company is the channel for customers to get information about the company. The profiles usually consist of introduction, values, honors, history, responsibility, etc., which weigh much for a company to present a good image to the stakeholders. Thus, the company profiles in the websites are quite significant, especially for those top companies in the world. This study tries to probe into the generic structures and the communicative strategies within the company profiles in Fortune Global 500, with an aim to provide a new perspective for critical genre analysis in professional communications.

　　1.2 Rationale of the present study

　　There are three major reasons for choosing this topic for studying, namely, the academic significance of critical genre analysis, the importance of interdiscursivity, and the fitness of company profiles for study. All of them will be introduced in the following sections in detail. In recent versions of professional genre analysis, context has assumed increasingly critical importance, thus we may redefine genre as a configuration of text-internal and text-external factors. The emphasis on text-external properties of genre has brought into focus the notion of interdiscursivity as distinct from intertextuality, which is primarily viewed as appropriation of text-internal resources. Drawing evidence from a number of professional contexts, Bhatia 2010 explores the nature, function, and the use of interdiscursivity in genre theory, defining interdiscursivity as a function of appropriation of generic resources across discursive, professional and cultural practices, which, it is claimed, is central to our understanding of the complexities of genres that are typically employed in professional, disciplinary, and institutional communications. The concept of interdiscursivity, which is sometimes subsumed under intertextuality, is not entirely new and can be traced back to the works of Bakhtin 1986, Candlin and Maley 1997, Fairclough 1995a, Foucault 1981, Kristeva 1980, and several others. However, these two concepts have not been fully explored and sufficiently ;developed to investigate some of the complexities we find in discursive and professional practices within genre analytical literature. More importantly here, interdiscursivity can be viewed as appropriation of semiotic resources which may include textual, semantic, socio-pragmatic, generic, and professional across any two or more of these different levels, especially those of genre, professional practice, and professional culture. Appropriations across texts thus give rise to intertextual relations, whereas appropriations across professional genres, practices, and cultures constitute interdiscursive relations.

　　Chapter Two Literature Review

　　2.1 Introduction

　　Scholars in different research fields are becoming much more interested in the study of the Fortune Global 500 companies from various perspectives, including the annual reports, the chairman’s statements, and the accounting reports. However, company profiles have been considered as an effective way to demonstrate the image of the company, and to promote the business at home or abroad in markets around the world. This chapter will firstly explore the characteristics of a company’s profile, and then an overview of previous studies on company’s profiles will be given. Finally, the definitions and approaches to critical genre analysis will also be reviewed.

　　2.2 Review on Fortune Global 500 Chinese company profiles

　　According to the latest statistics from the worlds’ most famous Fortune magazine, there are 100 Chinese companies on the list of Fortune Global 500 in 2015. With a research on the profiles of these companies’ websites, the following sections will illustrate the characteristics of the companies’ profiles in detail, and an overview of contemporary studies will be given objectively. Company profile acts as a channel for customers to get a full image about a company, and it also plays an essential role in facilitating the communication between company and investors, suppliers and business partners. According to Hackett 2003, a company profile is mainly a “resume” with specific information about a company, aiming to “establish the credibility with the market the company serves”. He lists the key elements a company profile may consists of: 1 summarize the background information 2 provide more details on your company’s products and services 3 highlight your company’s strengths and successes 4 include qualifications of your company and your staff 5 summarize your selling statement 6 end with company contact information. Besides, Klein 2005 points out, a company profile provides ins ights about a company to its customers and prospects; potential employees and partners will view it to evaluate whether or not it is the kind of company they would like to work with. In a narrow sense, it refers to an overview of the basic information of a company. Some companies use other names for company profile, such as company overview, introduction, and company information. However, in a broad sense, a company profile usually contains company introduction, framework, corporate culture/values, news and information, corporate social reports/performance CSP, corporate social responsibility CSR, corporate governance and investor relations, etc. which are together given the name “About us” on most websites of the Fortune Global 500 companies. Therefore, this thesis will focus the discussion on company profiles in a broad sense.

　　Chapter Six Interdiscursivity in Chinese Company Profiles as Adaptation to Contexts

　　3.1 Introduction

　　As we all know, in the long-term struggle for survival, man has obtained various tools to choose from and depend on as their life means. Language is the most indispensable one to distinguish man form animals. However, language is not a thing which leads an independent and unchanging life once it has been made. It requires constant adaptations to different purposes and circumstances of use Verschueren, 1987:18. During the dynamic processes of adaptation, language users are actually obligatorily making choices when they enter the process. Thus, appropriate choices, including linguistic and non-linguistic strategies are constantly made from a variable range of possibilities so as to realize the communicative goals. Ingredients of communicative contexts include language user utterer and interpreter, mental world such as personality, emotions, beliefs, motivations, intentions, etc. of language users, social world such as social settings, institutions, culture, and physical world such as time, space, bodily postures, physical appearance, physical conditions, biological property Wu, 2010. Any linguistics or non-linguistic choice needs to be adapted to contexts, which is clear evidence for its pragmatic motivation and contextual adaptability. And all language communicators are said to be living in various worlds, physical, social, and mental. Accordingly, their linguistic behavior is supposed to be adapted to variables of these three worlds in order to realize the communicative purposes with specific strategies. As previously mentioned, the Chinese company profiles in Fortune Global 500 consist of different genres and professional practices, which reflect the interdiscursivity function. In this study, we focus on interdiscursivity as a means of linguistic adaptation, and during the process of adaptation, it is used to realize different communicative purposes and pragmatic results. Thus, this chapter is going to explain the reasons why interdiscursivity permeates company profiles against the background of professional cultures.

　　Conclusion

　　The present study has conducted a detailed critical genre analysis based on the data of Chinese company profiles in Fortune Global 500. By incorporating Bhatia’s 2010 patterns of discourse realization in professional contexts and Verschueren’s 1999 Linguistic Adaptation Theory, this thesis proposes a critical genre analysis framework from the perspective of interdiscursivity. By applying this framework, a comprehensive analysis of the company profiles is carried out from three dimensions. Specifically, it begins with a quantitative analysis of the moves among all the data, and reveals the general structure manifested in the company profiles. Then, it analyzes how interdiscursivity serves as a communicative strategy for a company to convey key messages to its audiences in terms of critical genre analysis. And finally, it explores the reasons why interdiscursivity permeates company profiles against the background of professional cultures, and how it realizes the communicative purposes through the appropriati on of interdiscursivity. In this chapter, implications, limitations and suggestions will be presented.