雅思閱讀分類題題型講解

　　很多同學都在找尋雅思閱讀技巧，尤其是分類題Categorizing題型確實比較費腦筋，今天就為大家整理了關於雅思閱讀分類題Categorizing題型的答題技巧，包括瞭解題步驟以及注意事項等內容，非常的實用。同學們可以在備考雅思閱讀時進行適當的參考和練習。

　　雅思閱讀分類題Categorizing題型講解

　　分類題Categorizing

　　§ 在分類題中，一般有三個類別我們可以稱之為甲、乙、丙以及一些專案，要求是將這些專案分別歸入這三個類別之中。在文章中，一般會講述兩種不同的事物，我們姑且稱它們為A和B. 類別甲中歸入與A類事物有關的專案，類別乙中歸入與B類事物有關的專案，而類別丙中歸入與A和B都有關的專案。

　　§ 在文章中，作者會對A和B 兩類事物進行分別探討和互相比較，因此我們在閱讀時就必須注意作者在談論和比較A和B 的時候是否提到這些專案，並把這些專案歸入到適當的類別中去。一般來說，作者會在不同的段落中講述A和B 兩類事物，不過有時A和B 會在同一段落中被提到，因為作者要把它們作一個詳細的比較。

　　T: Desktop publishing

　　3 The first stage in the old method of preparing INFO was the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics which would make up the bulk of the magazine. The next step was marking the text for the printer---a rather laborious, and occasionally hit-and-miss affair! In essence, this meant judging the approximate length of the articles and choosing appropriate print sizes and styles fonts. The appropriately marked pages were then sent to the printer for type-setting. The end-product of this type-setting phase is called a galley and takes the form of continuous columns on long sheets of paper.

　　4 At this stage the fun begins! All the columns of text have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine. If one had misjudged the length of text at the type-setting phase, then screams of agony would mingle the pervading smell of glue in the editorial offices as a very stressed editor wrangles bits of text and photographs. The flexibility of this old system was very limited, page layout was largely pre-determined and type-setting errors meant long and time-consuming proof-reading, both at the galley stage and at the final page proof stage. An additional problem with the old method is the length of time between the copy date stage 1 and the publication of the magazine about six weeks for INFO.

　　5 Desktop publishing made our life a lot easier. Now with our new system, we first type the text of the article on an ordinary word-processing package MultiMate Advantage II is used but any other package is usable or we ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk, typed with almost any word processor on an IBM or compatible PC computer. The second stage is to design the page frame, i.e. size, number of columns and margins. We then place the text in the page with an easy command called “Autoflow”.

　　6 The third stage is the design of the layout: placing illustrations and choosing the most suitable typeface. At the last stage, we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. After making all corrections, the files containing our next INFO are copied on to a disk and sent to our printers for publication.

　　Q: Below are headings showing the sages involved in printing any document. According to the

　　information in the passage:

　　write T if the stage is necessary in traditional printing;

　　write D if the stage is necessary with desktop publishing;

　　write TD if the stage is necessary in both methods.

　　I1 gathering input

　　I2 designing page frame

　　I3 marking text

　　I4 type-setting

　　I5 page design

　　I6 cutting and pasting

　　I7 proof-reading

　　解題：這裡選取的是文章的第三到第六段，其中三、四兩段談論traditional printingT，而五、六兩段探討desktop publishingD。在traditional printing中，首先是the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics，其次是marking the text for theprinter，再其次then sent to the printer for type-setting，然後是have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine，是long and time-consuming proof-reading;而在desktop publishing中，首先是ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk，其次是design the page frame，然後是the design of the layout，we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. 根據這些列出的兩種印刷方法的各個步驟，我們可以準確地將上述的專案進行歸類：I1 gathering input --- TD;I2 designing page frame --- D;I3 marking text --- T;I4 type-setting --- T;I5 page design --- TD;I6 cutting and pasting --- T;I7 proof-reading --- TD.

　　根據上面的分析，大家在備考自己的雅思閱讀考試的時候，對比較典型的雅思閱讀分類題型就可以採用上面的方法，相信也會有不錯的解題效果，同時也可以通過真題對雅思閱讀分類題型做更加有針對性的備考。

　　雅思閱讀素材：茶與工業革命

　　想取得雅思閱讀的高分，就需要海讀，需要積累多方面的閱讀素材，在閱讀考試中，才能迅速的找到關鍵資訊，把握好閱讀的速度。今天我們整理了關於茶與工業革命的雅思閱讀素材，以下是詳細內容，供同學們參考。

　　In 1947 at 6 years of age, Macfarlane, the son of a tea planter in Assam, came to England and the difference between Third World India and the homeland hit him hard. He remembers, "From the cosy, warm outpost, I arrived in the depths of one of the coldest winters. Britain was more efficient but seemed to have lost some of the emotion and warmth of the place I had come from. Ever since then, I have wanted to know how these two worlds could have diverged so". The difference he guessed was down to industrialisation, which brought him round to the question; how did the Industrial Revolution come about?

　　For historians there was one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required explanation. Between about 1650-1740, the population was static, but then there was a burst in population. Macfarlane says "The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes." Four possible causes have been suggested; was there a sudden change in the viruses and bacteria around? -unlikely. Was there a revolution in medical science?- this was a century before Listers revolution. Was there a change in environmental conditions? - there were improvements in agriculture that wiped out malaria, but these were small gains and sanitation did not become wide spreads until the 19th century. The only option left is food, however the height and weight statistics show a decline at this time, so food actually got worse and efforts to explain the sudden reduction in child deaths appeared to draw a blank.

　　The population burst seemed to happen at just the right time to provide labour for the Industrial Revolution. But why? Macfarlane says "When you start moving towards an industrial revolution, it is economically efficient to have people crowding together, but then you get disease, particularly from human waste"

　　Historical records revealed that there was a change in the incidence of waterborne disease at that time, especially of dysentery, and Macfarlane deduced that whatever the British were drinking must be important in regulating disease. He says; "We drank beer and ale. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to make beer last longer". However in the late 17th century a tax was introduced on malt resulting in the poor turning to water and gin, and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again then it suddenly dropped again but what caused it?

　　Macfarlane looked to Japan which was also developing large cities at this time and also had no sanitation, however waterborne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain. Could it therefore be the prevalence of tea in their culture? Macfarlane says "That's when I thought, what about tea in Britain?"

　　Tea in Britain was relatively expensive until a direct clipper trade with China was started in the early 18th century and by the 1740s about the time infant mortality was dipping, tea was common. Macfarlane guessed that the fact that the water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea, meant that the mothers breast milk was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation sipped tea like the British, which by Macfarlane's logic pushed them out of contention for the revolution. If tea is the factor in the combination lock, why didn't tea soaked Japan forge ahead and have an industrial revolution of its own?

　　The reason, Macfarlane believes, is that it turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labour-saving devices, such as animals, afraid they would put people out of work. Astonishingly, the nation that is now thought of as one of the most technologically advanced entered the 19th century having abandoned the wheel. Macfarlane notes that while Britain was undergoing the Industrial Revolution, Japan was undergoing an industrious one.

　　以上就是關於茶和工業革命之間千絲萬縷的關係的雅思閱讀素材，非常詳細的介紹了相關的話題，大家可以在備考雅思閱讀考試和雅思小作文的時候，對這篇文章進行適當的參考和閱讀。