關於服裝的英文文章

　　服裝是與人的生活最為關係密切的藝術門類,其審美內在規律值得探討。下面是小編帶來的，歡迎閱讀!

　　1

　　Modern Business Dress Etiquette

　　I、The Principle Of Business Clothing

　　Tidy Principles

　　In a business setting, clean dress is business people the most basic requirements, maintain personal cleanliness is both responsible for their image, but also respect for others. A clean and tidy people always give a good impression left positive, on the contrary, a scruffy man always gives a negative impression of decadence. Therefore, in a business setting, business people must pay attention to maintaining the cleanliness of wearing.

　　T-P-O Principles

　　·Time

　　A year in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons alternate, and there are changes in morning and evening in one day, at different times, the dress should vary. For example, We wear warm winter clothes in winter, summer clothes in summer. Different time wear differently for women is especially important. Men have a sufficiently fine texture dark suit, while women

　　dress will have to transform over time. Work during the day, women should wear suits to reflect professionalism; night to attend a cocktail party to be adding some modifications, such as for a pair of high heels, wearing shiny accessories, around a beautiful scarf; clothing choices climatic characteristics for the season to keep up with the trend trend synchronization。

　　·Place

　　Different places, which should be different dress styles. If you are going to visit a company or units, wearing professional suit will look professional; go out to take into account the different countries and regions of natural conditions, traditions and customs, such as going to church or temple and other places, can not pass through clothing exposed or too short . ·Occasion

　　Clothing should be coordinated with the occasion. Talks with customers, to participate in official meetings, etc., should be dignified and elegant dress; listen to music or watching ballet, you should routinely formal dress; attend a formal dinner, you should wear a traditional Chinese cheongsam dress evening dress or western.

　　II.Business Dress Code

　　Men's Dress Norms

　　No more than three colors. Entire suit on the label in a dress before have removed. Suit and shirt must be kept neat and clean, especially the white shirt, collar cuffs easily become dirty, should prompt attention. Tie knot according to suit shirt collar size and fit, hit the end can not be compared shirt collar is also great, and drooping corners can not exceed the belt tip. Men dressed in suits only with shoes, shoes with the suit color should be supporting. Black shoes for any style color suits. Wear dark colors suits socks must not wear white. Belt and pants can not

　　hang any objects. Suit outside the bag and we are called square bag is designed for men who placed a handkerchief to show gentleman details of the place. Only modification, so here is do not put any other items. The whole dress can not be skewed, all buttons should it. Suits such as wrinkles should be ironing, wash also be sure to choose dry cleaning.

　　Lady Dress Norms

　　Women's business attire to choose simple, elegant. In more formal formal business occasions, suggested lady wearing dark suits. Skirt suit is the first choice, followed by the pants. The shirt is best with a solid color, color in light better. Among them, the skirt has the following specifications:

　　First, the skirt should moderate size. A set of excellent workmanship of high quality fabric skirt, it will undoubtedly add charm and too large or too small, too fat or too thin skirt, will give bad good impression.

　　Second, the skirt should be worn in place. Wear skirt must be worn in accordance with its regular method, put it carefully to make it everywhere in place.

　　Third, the skirt should consider occasion.

　　Fourth, the skirt should be coordinated ornaments. Dress, makeup and accessories to style uniform and mutually reinforcing.

　　Last but not least, the skirt should take into account the behavior.

　　You can choose the high-heeled shoes, boat shoes, Ms. career best with suits. Exposing the toes and heel sandals are not suitable for business occasions. Any sequins or crystal decorative shoes are not suitable for business occasions, these shoes are only suitable for formal or semi-formal social occasions. Participate in a business setting, especially formal business

　　activities, should avoid wearing boots. Best color shoes and handbag line, and to coordinate with the color of clothes.

　　Ladies wear stockings best, flesh-colored stockings can be used with any costume. You can also wear a dark suit with black stockings, but avoid with fishing nets, and the like too sexy floral stockings.

　　III、Business Accessories Principle

　　First, coordinate with clothing. Judging from the style, bright colors and elegant clothing and jewelry to match, deep color of clothing can be equipped with some of the bright colors and exquisite style of jewelry. Knit sweaters optional agate, amethyst, tiger stone necklace made; wearing silk shirts or dresses when a gold necklace sufficient.

　　Second, coordinate with physical appearance. Select jewelry to consider the age, body shape, hair style and other characteristics, otherwise it will neither fish nor fowl, and even superfluous. For example, who should not wear a neck chunky multi-string necklace, but should wear a long necklace to make the neck look longer. Round face or glasses lady, to be more wear big earrings and round earrings. Older lady to wear some of the precious, delicate jewelry, young lady should choose good quality, good color, style trendy fashion jewelry.

　　Third, coordinate with jewelry. Wear jewelry should be concise. Wear more than one jewelry, color, shape, style should be coordinated, the best matching consistency. In general, the color can not be more than three.

　　Last but not least, harmony with the environment.

　　Score of the season and occasion wear jewelry. Young women can be worn in the summer of bright craft imitation, Winter can wear some of the pearls, precious stones, gold and silver jewelry. Less wear jewelry at work as well, an optional simple and elegant brooches, earrings, necklaces and so on. Important to the party or go out to participate in social activities, can be worn large brooches, necklaces and earrings with pendant flash jewelry.

　　IV、Contraindications

　　For men:

　　·A Trademark Can Not Split Sleeves.

　　Suit which bought in the store, on the left sleeve cuffs have a trademark embroidered up, or have two vertical pure wool mark. After buying a suit to pay credit card, the waiter asked the first thing you do, is to take the trademarks removed, equal to suit unsealed. However, there are many domestic waiters do not know these things, and some know nothing. Over time, there are men mistakenly believe that there are so a horizontal sleeve is a brand logo.

　　·A Very Important Foreign Business Dealings When To Wear A Jacket And Tie Bogey.

　　Jackets are generally casual wear, formal wear and tie this mix is not coordinated. Of course, wear a jacket and tie, there are some cases are permissible: one uniform jacket. Now the community, some sectors, such as industry and commerce, taxation, police, they have a uniform jacket-style uniforms. The so-called uniform, that is, uniforms, uniform color, unified fabric, unified design, unified style of clothing, is the corporate image of the logo. If it is uniform, wearing a jacket and tie is possible. In another case, is the industry leader or leaders of the unit. They participate in their own internal activities within the industry can be so dressed, wearing a jacket, it is approachable, which is a convergence of psychology called affinity effect. We see people and their own state approximation, character, habits, stress, dress, language, conversation similar people, prone to resonate. Some leaders participating in the internal activities, such a situation is not uncommon. But in foreign relations is absolutely unacceptable. ·Avoid Socks Problems

　　There are several important occasions can not wear socks: one white socks, suits, uniforms, shoes, when socks and shoes one color looks best, seamless. Another option is a color of socks and pants color. At least wear dark, never wear light-colored or color, so it will neither fish nor fowl. Second, nylon stockings, nylon stockings biggest problem is non-hygroscopic, airtight, easy to produce odor, would hinder communication, wear socks to wear socks or wool socks, this is very important. Three is rotten socks, socks a little, they feel this is not comfortable, but also detrimental to the image.

　　For women:

　　·Too messy, chaotic wear, too bright, too much exposure, too much perspective, too short, too tight.

　　·Wearing A Black Leather Skirt

　　In a business setting can not wear black leather skirt, otherwise it will make people ridiculous. Because in foreign countries, is so only street girl dress. Therefore, when dealing with foreigners, especially when visiting European countries, wearing a black leather skirt Absolutely not.

　　·Skirts, Shoes, Socks Do Not Match

　　High-heeled shoes should be or semi-heeled shoes, it is best cow leather shoes, size should be affordable. Color to black the most orthodox. In addition, consistent with the skirt color shoes may choose. Generally nylon stockings or socks wool socks or pantyhose. Color appropriate for the color, there are flesh-colored, black, light gray, light brown and other types of conventional selection. Never fitness pants, pantyhose stockings to wear such as pants. Socks should not into the skirt, the non-exposed to the outside. Socks should be intact. If you wear a skirt high, but there are holes socks, so it becomes very uncoordinated.

　　·Barefoot

　　Barefoot not only was not very formal, and make some of their flaws laughed at people. Meanwhile, in international exchanges, wearing dresses, especially when wearing a skirt do not wear socks, but tend to be regarded as intentional flirt with showing sexy suspected, therefore, barefoot is not allowed.

　　·Three Legs

　　Refers to the so-called three legs, wearing half a skirt when wearing half socks, socks and a skirt mid calf exposed, resulting in a skirt, socks, a, a calf. This dress is easy to make legs look thick and short termed "vicious split" in foreign countries tend to be regarded as uneducated women's basic features.

　　Conclusion

　　Mastering these modern business dress etiquette helps establish a good personal image and corporate image and build a harmonious social relationships.Only in this way can we in an invincible position in the fierce competition. Only continue to learn and master modern business etiquette, we can keep up the trend to enhance the soft power of individuals and businesses.

　　2

　　Ancient Chinese Articles of Clothing

　　Ancient Chinese articles of clothing including Chinese various ancient times’ kinds of clothes and crowns, hats, shoes and socks and other clothing develop into a unique system in the world. Its structure and design changed gradually along with the development of social production ability and people’s life style. Through the research to the historical costumes, we could know previous dynasties character's style. When the appraisal related to cultural relic, clothing is also the important criterion to distinguish dynasties. The historical costumes preserved till today aren’t many; in research, besides material objects, personas in ancient times’ sculptures and drawings are often important references as well.

　　1. Later period of Paleolithic period

　　People once excavated the bone needle from Choukoution upper cave man's remained culture. To the Neolithic Age later period, the clothing design has had something different among people at different districts and nationalities. Take the hairstyle as the example, in the Dadi Bay culture there is the clipped falling hair, in the Ma family Kiln culture there is the knitted hair that hangs behind the head, in the Dawenkou culture there is the hairband which is made from pig bucktooth, in the Dragon Mountain culture there is the bone hair clasp which is used to braid hair, and the jade sculpture of human’s head which is found in ShenMuShiMao relic in Shanxi Dragon Mountain culture with the hair bun on the top of the head is possibly the reflection of braiding hair by using bone hair clasp. Therefore we can know that in the ancient times tying hair to a bun has been the characteristic of China race clothing.

　　2. Xia and Western Zhou Dynasty

　　There are no material objects of attires in Xia Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty saved till today. According to the jade and stone sculptures of people excavated from Anyang Hou-family Village grave and Fuhao grave, we could know the Shang Dynasty aristocrats put the cross collars

　　clothes on upper body, tie the big belt round waist, wear skirt below, and before the abdomen is the SHI a piece of clothing to cover knees. But the number of materials reflecting figures in Western Zhou Dynasty is less. From the jade sculpture of people and the human shaped bronze peg from Luoyang, we could know the upper garment, under skirt, belt, and shi are still the basic components of aristocrat men's clothes. The upper garment is dyed in orthodox colors, the under skirts the secondary colors, and the shi is paid lots of attention.

　　3. Qin and Han Dynasty

　　Pottery figurines excavated from the pit of Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses in The First Emperor of Qin’s Grave provides full illustrations for the Qin and Han Dynasty warrior's clothes. Though the lapel of their half long dress is shallow, it still belongs to shen-clothes. They wear long trousers below and leather belts with hooks round waist. This type of dress is still very popular in Western Zhou and trousers popularize among the whole society gradually. And Han Dynasty’s crown mainly belongs to clothing system and was the attribute of status, government position, and official rank. Low rank persons could only wear the kerchief instead of the crown. The crown is originally a hood added to the hair bun and doesn’t cover the entire top of the head while the kerchief looks more like a casual hat. They couldn’t be collocated casually, the civil officers have to wear a jinxian crown with a roof shaped kerchief and the military officers have to wear the military bian. The front section of the jinxian crown rises high and the posterior tilts. There are several liangs in front of the crown and we could identify the status of wearers according to the number of liang. What’s more, both the Up to the Heaven crown worn by the emperor and the Travel Far crown worn by marquises are developed from the jinxian crown through being decorated with arnaments. In the matter of distinguishing superior and inferior, jinxian crown works to some extent but the number of it would not exceed three. So in Han Dynasty people use shou—a kind of ribbon as the symbol of their official rank. The color, ways of weave, density and length of shou varies according to different ranks of officers. Women in Han Dynasty often comb their hair to back and roll it up to be a round bun hanging down which is called zhui bun. The shen clothes that they often wear not only twine whose lapels several times below but also are decorated with triangle stuffs and long ribbons on its surface.

　　4. Wei, Western Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasty

　　Clothes in Wei and Western Jin inherit from Han system in a large degree. Dress with wrinkles is the unique fashion and people often wear pingjin kerchief which is called small crown at that times. During the period of Northern and Southern Dynasty, because the Northern Dynasty is under the occupation of Xianbei or the governors who have been Xianbei-lized, the Xianbei dress is in. A small number of Xianbei nationality men usually wear bian clothes with the circle or cross collar , long pants, boots , feather belts round waist and Xianbei hats with ribbons falling behind. After various nationalities live together with different nationalities for a long time, this kind of attire also popularizes in the Han nationality common people. On the other hand, certain rulers of Northern Wei Dynasty stemming from the political need, advocate sinicizing, therefore the emperors and civil and military officials' sacrifice clothing and court dress presente high officials Han Wei “impressive and dignified manner”.

　　5. Tang Dynasty

　　On the Tang Dynasty man from the emperor under to the male servant service, wears the casual cloth in the daily life,including Que gown with round collar, headwrap named Putou, leather strap and boots. Que gown is a vented long gown. Headwrap evolves from the Xianbei hat. It is a kerchief originally. When they wear the headwrap they put two angles front to wrap their hair bun and other two angles are tied up after the brain, while surplus angles fall down naturally. Headwrap's material uses black Zeng or Luo at first; later people make the bone with the copper and iron wire in the angle to support it. On Tang Dynasty's leather strap a narrow leather string is loaded at first to tie other things. And there are several square plate on the strap. According to the difference of official ranks, people use the jade, gold, rhinocero, silver, fine jade stone, blue iron and other material to manufacture leather strap separately, thus causes the leather strap also to become the symbol of difference official ranks. Moreover, “color clothes” which appears in Northern Zhou Dynasty has formed a system in Tang Dynasty and becomes hereafter a Chinese official's costume's big characteristic. The Tang Dynasty official from one to nine chief ministers of state takes the color purple, red and green, Qing as the grade of their official dress. The Tang Dynasty female attire mainly is composed of the skirt, shirt and ancient cappa called Pei. At this time they often hide shirt under skirt, therefore the skirt looks very long. Pei’s aother name is Peibo, like a long and thin trotcozy, and it is due to the influence of West Asia Buddhism that it becomes popular in the central plains. In early Tang Dynasty curl brim hat, turndown collar coat and other Hu Dress are also popular among female attire. But after Anshi Rebellion, this fad gradually rests.

　　6. Song Dynasty

　　The Song clothing follows Tang system roughly. At this time headwrap inside is supported by wooden bone, outside is covered with painted gauze can be put on and off freely. At this time, unfolded foot headwrap that emperor and senior officials wear stretches out its two feet to the both sides straight and can amount to several feet. Common difference at low status, servant and others then wear the non-foot headwrap. The Song woman also wears the skirt and shirt. At this time short shirts mostly are in the symmetrical-lapel style, covering the skirt. The skirt is narrow, multi wrinkles. In the Fuzhou yellow grave apart from the silk skirt, there are the split-crotch pants and the joint-crotch pants. Thus we can see the Song woman wears pants under skirts. What’s more, the foot-binding which originates in Five Dynasties has been gradually popular to the Northern Song Dynasty later period.

　　7. Yuan Dynasty

　　The round hat the Yuan Dynasty Mongolia men wear is called Boli, the square shape or the polygonal named corrugated hat whose popular name is Da hat. The gown of Yuan person is often added litzendraht lines on waist, below has the pleat and called the litzendraht lined jacket. Luxury clothes of senior official nobles is mainly made from NaShiShi brocade weaved with golden strings. In the winter they often put on leather clothing with the turndown fur collar which is called Dahu. The Gugu crown which woman of quality wears takes the wood as the bone and measures three feet in height, with red silk wrapping and pearls and jade decorating outside the surface and branches and feather inserted on the top, causing the model is extremely special. The Han nationality in Yuan Dynasty, particularly those so-called “southerner” in south of Yangzi River’s clothing roughly is similar to that of Song.

　　8. Ming Dynasty

　　At the beginning of Ming dynasty the emperor requests the clothes to restore Tang system. The style of their official costumes is close to that of Tang Dynasty, but the Jinxian crown is replaced by Liang crown, and with loyal crown and other crown styles added. Ming Dynasty's official's costume also adopt circle collar gown and the headwrap. But at this time headwrap is painted black on the surface with short and wide feet, and famous as the black gauze cap. The non-government position common people aren’t allowed to wear. Official's costume are also decorated with gayer patch in chest and back besides the clothes’ colors decided according to official ranks. In the civil official patch there are birds while the military officers there are beasts. In order to award official's meritorious service, emperor bestows phthon robe , flying fish clothing, bullfight clothing and other clothings in addition. The python is the dragon with four claws, the flying fish is the python with fins and a fish tail, and the bullfight is the python added the curving cow horns on the head. And they use the jade belt when the official ranks to the upperest. Therefore the style of “boa robe jade belt” becomes the most prominent attire of big bureaucrats at that time. These are loyal clothes, ordinary clothes and the queen clothes:

　　9. Qing Dynasty

　　Qing Dynasty is changed to Man dress. The Qing governors carrys out the custom of tonsure and exchanging dress by violent means and unify men’s clothing according to Man nationality’s custom. In 1652, emperor Shunzhi published "Clothing Color Palanquin Rule" issues and ordered to execute it, abolishing the Han nationality’s style in aspect of crowns and clothes since then. In the Ming Dynasty man all grow long hairs and pull them to a bun, wear the loose clothes, wear the stockings and shallow surface shoes; in the Qing Dynasty people do tonsure, keep the pigtail which hangs behind the brain, and wears the thin horse's hoof sleeve archery clothes, the tight sock and deep series boots. But the officials and people clothing distinguishes right from wrong according to law. The official Chinese-style unlined garments which officials wear outside the gown are often in stone green color, therefore the color clothing is not used. When people in Qing Dynasty distinguish difference ranks of official's costume, they continues to use patch but also pay great attention to tasseled cap's roof ornament. The first official rank installs the ruby on the top of the crown, the second rank installs the coral on the top of the crown, the third rank installs blue gems on the top of the crown, the fourth rank installs golden lapis lazuli on the top of the crown, and the following has their differences respectively. Among the military officers the close relatives, trusted subordinate of the emperor and those militaries who has great exploits are also bestowed to wear the peacock feathers which have differences of the single eye, double eyes and treble eyes. Therefore the Qing Dynasty official's costume then takes “bow peacock feathers” as the symbol of the most prominent official. Han nationality female attire in Ming, Qing Dynasty doesn’t change too much. Women still wear shirt and skirt, and begin to replace skirt with trousers in Qing Dynasty later period. During the intermediate stage of Qing Dynasty, the female attire is decorated with borders layer upon layer and is called the “rolls inlays”. Man nationality women in Qing Dynasty wear the Qi attire and they do not bind the feet, do not tie the skirt, all wears the Qi skirts, and sometimes wear sleeveless jacket outside the skirts. After Qianlong period, among the Man nationality female attire there appear a kind of “pot bottom” shoes with high bottom . And After Xianfeng period, there appear big “two heads” and “to pull wing greatly” and other hairstyles, becoming the prominent characteristic of Man nationality female attire.